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This paper presents a framework for enabling safe velocity control of general robotic systems using data-driven model-free Control Barrier Functions (CBFs). Model-free CBFs rely on an exponentially stable velocity controller and a design…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Zhe Shen , Yitaek Kim , Christoffer Sloth

Safety is a fundamental requirement of control systems. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are proposed to ensure the safety of the control system by constructing safety filters or synthesizing control inputs. However, the safety guarantee…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Manan Tayal , Hongchao Zhang , Pushpak Jagtap , Andrew Clark , Shishir Kolathaya

Control barrier functions (CBF) are widely explored to enforce the safety-critical constraints on nonlinear systems recently. There are many researchers incorporating the control barrier functions into path planning algorithms to find a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Leonas Liu , Yingfan Zhang , Larry Zhang , Mehbi Kermanshabi

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm in control theory, providing a principled approach to enforcing safety-critical constraints in dynamic systems. This survey paper comprehensively explores the foundational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Promit Panja

This paper studies the problem of finite-time convergence to a prescribed safe set for nonlinear systems whose initial states violate the safety constraints. Existing Control Lyapunov-Barrier Functions (CLBFs) can enforce recovery to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Anni Li , Yingqing Chen , Christos G. Cassandras , Wei Xiao

Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide an effective framework for enforcing safety in dynamical systems with scalar constraints. However, many safety constraints are more naturally expressed as matrix-valued conditions, such as positive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Samuel G. Gessow , Pio Ong , Aaron D. Ames , Brett T. Lopez

Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is one category of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms which can improve sampling efficiency by modeling and approximating system dynamics. It has been widely adopted in the research of robotics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Linsen Dong , Guanyu Gao , Xinyi Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Yonggang Wen

We propose a learning-based Control Barrier Function (CBF) to reduce conservatism in collision avoidance for car-like robots. Traditional CBFs often use the Euclidean distance between robots' centers as a safety margin, which neglects their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jianye Xu , Bassam Alrifaee

Deep learning has enjoyed much recent success, and applying state-of-the-art model learning methods to controls is an exciting prospect. However, there is a strong reluctance to use these methods on safety-critical systems, which have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-06 David D. Fan , Jennifer Nguyen , Rohan Thakker , Nikhilesh Alatur , Ali-akbar Agha-mohammadi , Evangelos A. Theodorou

This paper addresses the problem of safety-critical control for non-affine control systems. It has been shown that optimizing quadratic costs subject to state and control constraints can be sub-optimally reduced to a sequence of quadratic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Wei Xiao , Ross Allen , Daniela Rus

The intrinsic high dimension of fluid dynamics is an inherent challenge to control of aerodynamic flows, and this is further complicated by a flow's nonlinear response to strong disturbances. Deep reinforcement learning, which takes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-28 Zhecheng Liu , Diederik Beckers , Jeff D. Eldredge

In many real-world reinforcement learning (RL) problems, besides optimizing the main objective function, an agent must concurrently avoid violating a number of constraints. In particular, besides optimizing performance it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Yinlam Chow , Ofir Nachum , Edgar Duenez-Guzman , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Control Barrier Functions offer safety certificates by dictating controllers that enforce safety constraints. However, their response depends on the classK function that is used to restrict the rate of change of the value of the barrier…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Hardik Parwana , Dimitra Panagou

Optimal stabilization of safety-critical nonlinear systems requires balancing long-term performance and strict safety constraints. Existing quadratic-programming-based control barrier function (CBF) safety filters are point-wise and may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Zhanglin Shangguan , Wei Xiao , Qi Li , Bo Yang , Xinping Guan

Ensuring robot safety in complex environments is a difficult task due to actuation limits, such as torque bounds. This paper presents a safety-critical control framework that leverages learning-based switching between multiple backup…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Neil C. Janwani , Ersin Daş , Thomas Touma , Skylar X. Wei , Tamas G. Molnar , Joel W. Burdick

In this paper, we propose a novel reference-free iterative learning model predictive control (MPC). In the proposed method, a certificate function based on the concept of Control Lyapunov Barrier Function (CLBF) is learned using data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Wataru Hashimoto , Kazumune Hashimoto , Masako Kishida , Shigemasa Takai

To further improve the learning efficiency and performance of reinforcement learning (RL), in this paper we propose a novel uncertainty-aware model-based RL (UA-MBRL) framework, and then implement and validate it in autonomous driving under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Chen Lv

Safety critical systems involve the tight coupling between potentially conflicting control objectives and safety constraints. As a means of creating a formal framework for controlling systems of this form, and with a view toward automotive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Aaron D. Ames , Xiangru Xu , Jessy W. Grizzle , Paulo Tabuada

Learning-based approaches for constructing Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are increasingly being explored for safety-critical control systems. However, these methods typically require complete retraining when applied to unseen…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Lakshmideepakreddy Manda , Shaoru Chen , Mahyar Fazlyab

A combination of control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) and control barrier functions (CBFs) forms an efficient framework for addressing control challenges in safe stabilization. In our previous research, we developed an analytical control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-06 Ming Li , Zhiyong Sun