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Related papers: Estimating and Improving Dynamic Treatment Regimes…

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Establishing causality is a fundamental goal in fields like medicine and social sciences. While randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for causal inference, they are not always feasible or ethical. Observational studies can…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Andrew Ying

Estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) using observational data is often challenged by nonignorable missing covariates arsing from informative monitoring of patients in clinical practice. To address nonignorable missingness of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Jian Sun , Bo Fu , Li Su

A dynamic treatment regimen (DTR) is a pre-specified sequence of decision rules which maps baseline or time-varying measurements on an individual to a recommended intervention or set of interventions. Sequential multiple assignment…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-23 Brook Luers , Min Qian , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Connie Kasari , Daniel Almirall

A main research goal in various studies is to use an observational data set and provide a new set of counterfactual guidelines that can yield causal improvements. Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are widely studied to formalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Soroush Saghafian

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a decision rule that aims to improve individual patients health outcomes by recommending optimal treatments according to patients specific information. In observational studies, collected data may…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-03 Zeyu Bian , Erica EM Moodie , Susan M Shortreed , Sylvie D Lambert , Sahir Bhatnagar

In precision medicine, one of the most important problems is estimating the optimal individualized treatment rules (ITR), which typically involves recommending treatment decisions based on fully observed individual characteristics of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-15 Yue Zhang , Shanshan Luo , Zhi Geng , Yangbo He

Dynamic treatment regimes are of growing interest across the clinical sciences as these regimes provide one way to operationalize and thus inform sequential personalized clinical decision making. A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-27 Eric B. Laber , Min Qian , Dan J. Lizotte , William E. Pelham , Susan A. Murphy

Accurate models of clinical actions and their impacts on disease progression are critical for estimating personalized optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) in medical/health research, especially in managing chronic conditions.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-19 William Hua , Hongyuan Mei , Sarah Zohar , Magali Giral , Yanxun Xu

A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is an approach to delivering precision medicine that uses patient characteristics to guide treatment decisions for optimal health outcomes. Numerous methods have been proposed for DTR estimation, including…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-03 Adel Ahmadi Nadi , Michael Wallace

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTR) are sequential decision rules corresponding to several stages of intervention. Each rule maps patients' covariates to optional treatments. The optimal dynamic treatment regime is the one that maximizes the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-10 Zhishuai Liu , Zishu Zhan , Jian Liu , Danhui Yi , Cunjie Lin , Yufei Yang

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTR) are a statistical paradigm in precision medicine which aim to optimize patient outcomes by individualizing treatments. At its simplest, a DTR may require only a single decision to be made; this special case…

Applications · Statistics 2021-09-06 Larry Dong , Erica E. M. Moodie , Laura Villain , Rodolphe Thiébaut

Truncation by death, a prevalent challenge in critical care, renders traditional dynamic treatment regime (DTR) evaluation inapplicable due to ill-defined potential outcomes. We introduce a principal stratification-based method, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-10 Sihyung Park , Wenbin Lu , Shu Yang

Causal effect estimation for dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) contributes to sequential decision making. However, censoring and time-dependent confounding under DTRs are challenging as the amount of observational data declines over time due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Adi Lin , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan , Fujin Zhu , Guangquan Zhang

The instrumental variables (IV) method is a method for making causal inferences about the effect of a treatment based on an observational study in which there are unmeasured confounding variables. The method requires a valid IV, a variable…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-19 Dylan Small , Zhiqiang Tan , Scott Lorch , Alan Brookhart

In many important applications of precision medicine, the outcome of interest is time to an event (e.g., death, relapse of disease) and the primary goal is to identify the optimal individualized decision rule (IDR) to prolong survival time.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-11 Yu Zhou , Lan Wang , Rui Song , Tuoyi Zhao

Interfractional geometric uncertainties can lead to deviations of the actual delivered dose from the prescribed dose distribution. To better handle these uncertainties during treatment, the authors propose a dynamic framework for robust…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-05-16 Michelle Böck , Kjell Eriksson , Anders Forsgren

An optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a function that takes a patient's characteristics, such as demographics, biomarkers, and treatment history, and outputs a treatment that is expected to give the best outcome for that…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-05 Augustine Wigle , Erica E. M. Moodie

Recent development in the data-driven decision science has seen great advances in individualized decision making. Given data with individual covariates, treatment assignments and outcomes, policy makers best individualized treatment rule…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-29 Weibin Mo , Zhengling Qi , Yufeng Liu

An optimal dynamic treatment regime (DTR) consists of a sequence of decision rules in maximizing long-term benefits, which is applicable for chronic diseases such as HIV infection or cancer. In this paper, we develop a novel angle-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-15 Fei Xue , Yanqing Zhang , Wenzhuo Zhou , Haoda Fu , Annie Qu

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are personalized, adaptive strategies designed to guide the sequential allocation of treatments based on individual characteristics over time. Before each treatment assignment, covariate information is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-24 Kai Chen , Yuqian Zhang