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Related papers: Rethinking Automatic Evaluation in Sentence Simpli…

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Text simplification systems generate versions of texts that are easier to understand for a broader audience. The quality of simplified texts is generally estimated using metrics that compare to human references, which can be difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Reno Kriz , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Natural Language Generation (NLG) refers to the operation of expressing the calculation results of a system in human language. Since the quality of generated sentences from an NLG model cannot be fully represented using only quantitative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Dojun Park , Youngjin Jang , Harksoo Kim

Evaluating the quality of generated text automatically remains a significant challenge. Conventional reference-based metrics have been shown to exhibit relatively weak correlation with human evaluations. Recent research advocates the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiao Wang , Daniil Larionov , Siwei Wu , Yiqi Liu , Steffen Eger , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Chenghua Lin

Reproducibility is of utmost concern in machine learning and natural language processing (NLP). In the field of natural language generation (especially machine translation), the seminal paper of Post (2018) has pointed out problems of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yanran Chen , Jonas Belouadi , Steffen Eger

We introduce EASSE, a Python package aiming to facilitate and standardise automatic evaluation and comparison of Sentence Simplification (SS) systems. EASSE provides a single access point to a broad range of evaluation resources: standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Fernando Alva-Manchego , Louis Martin , Carolina Scarton , Lucia Specia

The state-of-the-art language model-based automatic metrics, e.g. BARTScore, benefiting from large-scale contextualized pre-training, have been successfully used in a wide range of natural language generation (NLG) tasks, including machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Liping Xie , Kanjian Zhang , Derek F. Wong , Dacheng Tao

A semantic equivalence assessment is defined as a task that assesses semantic equivalence in a sentence pair by binary judgment (i.e., paraphrase identification) or grading (i.e., semantic textual similarity measurement). It constitutes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yuki Arase , Junichi Tsujii

Current evaluation of German automatic text simplification (ATS) relies on general-purpose metrics such as SARI, BLEU, and BERTScore, which insufficiently capture simplification quality in terms of simplicity, meaning preservation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Maria Korobeynikova , Alessia Battisti , Lukas Fischer , Yingqiang Gao

Question answering-based summarization evaluation metrics must automatically determine whether the QA model's prediction is correct or not, a task known as answer verification. In this work, we benchmark the lexical answer verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Daniel Deutsch , Dan Roth

Unlike classical lexical overlap metrics such as BLEU, most current evaluation metrics for machine translation (for example, COMET or BERTScore) are based on black-box large language models. They often achieve strong correlations with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Marina Fomicheva , Wei Zhao , Yang Gao , Steffen Eger

Although neural-based machine translation evaluation metrics, such as COMET or BLEURT, have achieved strong correlations with human judgements, they are sometimes unreliable in detecting certain phenomena that can be considered as critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Taisiya Glushkova , Chrysoula Zerva , André F. T. Martins

Most current state-of-the art systems for generating English text from Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) have been evaluated only using automated metrics, such as BLEU, which are known to be problematic for natural language generation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Emma Manning , Shira Wein , Nathan Schneider

How reliably an automatic summarization evaluation metric replicates human judgments of summary quality is quantified by system-level correlations. We identify two ways in which the definition of the system-level correlation is inconsistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Daniel Deutsch , Rotem Dror , Dan Roth

BERT and its variants are extensively explored for automated scoring. However, a limit of 512 tokens for these encoder-based models showed the deficiency in automated scoring of long essays. Thus, this research explores generative language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Haowei Hua , Hong Jiao , Xinyi Wang

Automated evaluation of open domain natural language generation (NLG) models remains a challenge and widely used metrics such as BLEU and Perplexity can be misleading in some cases. In our paper, we propose to evaluate natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Wangchunshu Zhou , Ke Xu

Evaluating text summarization has been a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Automatic metrics which heavily rely on reference summaries are not suitable in many situations, while human evaluation is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huyen Nguyen , Haihua Chen , Lavanya Pobbathi , Junhua Ding

The explosion of open-sourced models and Question-Answering (QA) datasets emphasizes the importance of automated QA evaluation. We studied the statistics of the existing evaluation metrics for a better understanding of their limitations. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yun Joon Soh , Jishen Zhao

The quality of a summarization evaluation metric is quantified by calculating the correlation between its scores and human annotations across a large number of summaries. Currently, it is unclear how precise these correlation estimates are,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Daniel Deutsch , Rotem Dror , Dan Roth

Evaluation is a bottleneck in the development of natural language generation (NLG) models. Automatic metrics such as BLEU rely on references, but for tasks such as open-ended generation, there are no references to draw upon. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Kawin Ethayarajh , Dorsa Sadigh

Cutting-edge abstractive summarisers generate fluent summaries, but the factuality of the generated text is not guaranteed. Early summary factuality evaluation metrics are usually based on n-gram overlap and embedding similarity, but are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yuxuan Ye , Edwin Simpson , Raul Santos Rodriguez