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Video-to-text summarization remains underexplored in terms of comprehensive evaluation methods. Traditional n-gram overlap-based metrics and recent large language model (LLM)-based approaches depend heavily on human-written reference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Woojun Jung , Junyeong Kim

Summarization evaluation remains an open research problem: current metrics such as ROUGE are known to be limited and to correlate poorly with human judgments. To alleviate this issue, recent work has proposed evaluation metrics which rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Thomas Scialom , Paul-Alexis Dray , Patrick Gallinari , Sylvain Lamprier , Benjamin Piwowarski , Jacopo Staiano , Alex Wang

Existing reference-free metrics have obvious limitations for evaluating controlled text generation models. Unsupervised metrics can only provide a task-agnostic evaluation result which correlates weakly with human judgments, whereas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Pei Ke , Hao Zhou , Yankai Lin , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

In text summarization and simplification, system outputs must be evaluated along multiple dimensions such as relevance, factual consistency, fluency, and grammaticality, and a wide range of possible outputs could be of high quality. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yu Lu Liu , Rachel Bawden , Thomas Scialom , Benoît Sagot , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

A desirable property of a reference-based evaluation metric that measures the content quality of a summary is that it should estimate how much information that summary has in common with a reference. Traditional text overlap based metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Daniel Deutsch , Tania Bedrax-Weiss , Dan Roth

Open-ended question answering (QA) is a key task for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Compared to closed-ended QA, it demands longer answer statements, more nuanced reasoning processes, and diverse expressions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yongqi Fan , Yating Wang , Guandong Wang , Jie Zhai , Jingping Liu , Qi Ye , Tong Ruan

Text-to-Table aims to generate structured tables to convey the key information from unstructured documents. Existing text-to-table datasets are typically oriented English, limiting the research in non-English languages. Meanwhile, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Haoxiang Shi , Jiaan Wang , Jiarong Xu , Cen Wang , Tetsuya Sakai

Traditional metrics like BLEU and BERTScore fail to capture semantic fidelity in generative text-to-text tasks. We adapt the Cross-Examination Framework (CEF) for a reference-free, multi-dimensional evaluation by treating the source and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tathagata Raha , Clement Christophe , Nada Saadi , Hamza A Javed , Marco AF Pimentel , Ronnie Rajan , Praveenkumar Kanithi

Multi-dimensional evaluation is the dominant paradigm for human evaluation in Natural Language Generation (NLG), i.e., evaluating the generated text from multiple explainable dimensions, such as coherence and fluency. However, automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ming Zhong , Yang Liu , Da Yin , Yuning Mao , Yizhu Jiao , Pengfei Liu , Chenguang Zhu , Heng Ji , Jiawei Han

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Tianhang Zhang , Zanwei Shen , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Automatic evaluation remains an open research question in Natural Language Generation. In the context of Sentence Simplification, this is particularly challenging: the task requires by nature to replace complex words with simpler ones that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Thomas Scialom , Louis Martin , Jacopo Staiano , Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Existing evaluation metrics for natural language generation (NLG) tasks face the challenges on generalization ability and interpretability. Specifically, most of the well-performed metrics are required to train on evaluation datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Pei Ke , Fei Huang , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Qun Liu , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Recent breakthroughs in diffusion models, multimodal pretraining, and efficient finetuning have led to an explosion of text-to-image generative models. Given human evaluation is expensive and difficult to scale, automated methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Dhruba Ghosh , Hanna Hajishirzi , Ludwig Schmidt

The recent success of ChatGPT and GPT-4 has drawn widespread attention to multimodal dialogue systems. However, there is a lack of datasets in the academic community that can effectively evaluate the multimodal generation capabilities of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhiwei Zhang , Yuliang Liu

Textual Question Answering (QA) aims to provide precise answers to user's questions in natural language using unstructured data. One of the most popular approaches to this goal is machine reading comprehension(MRC). In recent years, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yang Bai , Daisy Zhe Wang

Comprehensive evaluation of mobile agents can significantly advance their development and real-world applicability. However, existing benchmarks lack practicality and scalability due to the extensive manual effort in defining task reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiahui Sun , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia

We present a novel approach to learn representations for sentence-level semantic similarity using conversational data. Our method trains an unsupervised model to predict conversational input-response pairs. The resulting sentence embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Yinfei Yang , Steve Yuan , Daniel Cer , Sheng-yi Kong , Noah Constant , Petr Pilar , Heming Ge , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Brian Strope , Ray Kurzweil

We present an automated way to evaluate the text alignment of text-to-image generative diffusion models using standard image-text recognition datasets. Our method, called SelfEval, uses the generative model to compute the likelihood of real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Sai Saketh Rambhatla , Ishan Misra

Text-to-audio (TTA) generation is advancing rapidly, but evaluation remains challenging because human listening studies are expensive and existing automatic metrics capture only limited aspects of perceptual quality. We introduce AudioEval,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Hui Wang , Jinghua Zhao , Junyang Cheng , Cheng Liu , Yuhang Jia , Haoqin Sun , Jiaming Zhou , Yong Qin

Question Generation (QG) aims to automate the task of composing questions for a passage with a set of chosen answers found within the passage. In recent years, the introduction of neural generation models has resulted in substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Tianbo Ji , Chenyang Lyu , Gareth Jones , Liting Zhou , Yvette Graham
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