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Automatic Gender Recognition (AGR) systems are an increasingly widespread application in the Machine Learning (ML) landscape. While these systems are typically understood as detecting gender, they often classify datapoints based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Camilla Quaresmini , Giacomo Zanotti

Recent agent-based recommendation frameworks aim to simulate user behaviors by incorporating memory mechanisms and prompting strategies, but they struggle with hallucinating non-existent items and full-catalog ranking. Besides, a largely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Mingdai Yang , Nurendra Choudhary , Jiangshu Du , Edward W. Huang , Philip S. Yu , Karthik Subbian , Danai Koutra

In this work, we introduce a novel perspective, i.e., dimensional analysis, to address the challenge of communication efficiency in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Our findings reveal that simply optimizing the content and timing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chuxiong Sun , Peng He , Rui Wang , Changwen Zheng

The overall objective of 'social' dialogue systems is to support engaging, entertaining, and lengthy conversations on a wide variety of topics, including social chit-chat. Apart from raw dialogue data, user-provided ratings are the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Igor Shalyminov , Ondřej Dušek , Oliver Lemon

Although automated metrics are commonly used to evaluate NLG systems, they often correlate poorly with human judgements. Newer metrics such as BERTScore have addressed many weaknesses in prior metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Soroush Vosoughi

Traditionally, Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation has been treated as a regression problem -- producing an absolute translation-quality score. This approach has two limitations: i) the scores lack interpretability, and human annotators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

How to effectively utilize the dialogue history is a crucial problem in multi-turn dialogue generation. Previous works usually employ various neural network architectures (e.g., recurrent neural networks, attention mechanisms, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Changying Hao , Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Fei Sun , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval augmentation, which enhances downstream models by a knowledge retriever and an external corpus instead of by merely increasing the number of model parameters, has been successfully applied to many natural language processing (NLP)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Chenyu Zhao , Yunjiang Jiang , Yiming Qiu , Han Zhang , Wen-Yun Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation promises to ground language model outputs in external evidence, yet the field has no reliable way to verify whether retrieved context actually governs generation -- a prerequisite for any high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhe Yu , Wenpeng Xing , Yunzhao Wei , Bo Yang , Chen Ye , Gaolei Li , Meng Han

Despite the significant progress made by existing retrieval augmented language models (RALMs) in providing trustworthy responses and grounding in reliable sources, they often overlook effective alignment with human preferences. In the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zhuoran Jin , Hongbang Yuan , Tianyi Men , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in medical question answering; however, purely parametric models often suffer from knowledge gaps and limited factual grounding. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nusrat Sultana , Abdullah Muhammad Moosa , Kazi Afzalur Rahman , Sajal Chandra Banik

Natural language understanding (NLU) using neural network pipelines often requires additional context that is not solely present in the input data. Through Prior research, it has been evident that NLU benchmarks are susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yuxin Zi , Hariram Veeramani , Kaushik Roy , Amit Sheth

When provided with sufficient explanatory context, smaller Language Models have been shown to exhibit strong reasoning ability on challenging short-answer question-answering tasks where the questions are unseen in training. We evaluate two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Tim Hartill , Diana Benavides-Prado , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge to generate a response within a context with improved accuracy and reduced hallucinations. However, multi-modal RAG systems face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

In cognitive science and linguistic theory, dialogue is not seen as a chain of independent utterances but rather as a joint activity sustained by coherence, consistency, and shared understanding. However, many systems for open-domain and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tianyi Zhang , David Traum

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown versatility in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including their potential as effective question-answering systems. However, to provide precise and relevant information in response to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Sriram Veturi , Saurabh Vaichal , Reshma Lal Jagadheesh , Nafis Irtiza Tripto , Nian Yan

Compositional relational reasoning (CRR) is a hallmark of human intelligence, but we lack a clear understanding of whether and how existing transformer large language models (LLMs) can solve CRR tasks. To enable systematic exploration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ruikang Ni , Da Xiao , Qingye Meng , Xiangyu Li , Shihui Zheng , Hongliang Liang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Traditional automated metrics for evaluating conditional natural language generation use pairwise comparisons between a single generated text and the best-matching gold-standard ground truth text. When multiple ground truths are available,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 David M Chan , Yiming Ni , David A Ross , Sudheendra Vijayanarasimhan , Austin Myers , John Canny

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation recommender systems, offering strong semantic understanding and natural-language reasoning abilities. Despite recent progress, current LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shijun Li , Wooseong Yang , Yu Wang , Tianxin Wei , Joydeep Ghosh