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Masked Language Modeling (MLM) has been widely used as the denoising objective in pre-training language models (PrLMs). Existing PrLMs commonly adopt a Random-Token Masking strategy where a fixed masking ratio is applied and different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Dongjie Yang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Pre-trained multilingual language models such as mBERT have shown immense gains for several natural language processing (NLP) tasks, especially in the zero-shot cross-lingual setting. Most, if not all, of these pre-trained models rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aditi Chaudhary , Karthik Raman , Krishna Srinivasan , Jiecao Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Model (LLM) performance on knowledge-intensive tasks but depends heavily on initial search query quality. Current methods, often using Reinforcement Learning (RL), typically focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Alan Dao , Thinh Le

Moral alignment has emerged as a widely adopted approach for regulating the behavior of pretrained language models (PLMs), typically through fine-tuning on curated datasets. Gender stereotype mitigation is a representational task within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Guangliang Liu , Bocheng Chen , Han Zi , Xitong Zhang , Kristen Marie Johnson

We present an efficient method of utilizing pretrained language models, where we learn selective binary masks for pretrained weights in lieu of modifying them through finetuning. Extensive evaluations of masking BERT and RoBERTa on a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Mengjie Zhao , Tao Lin , Fei Mi , Martin Jaggi , Hinrich Schütze

Masked language modeling (MLM) has been widely used for pre-training effective bidirectional representations, but incurs substantial training costs. In this paper, we propose a novel concept-based curriculum masking (CCM) method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mingyu Lee , Jun-Hyung Park , Junho Kim , Kang-Min Kim , SangKeun Lee

Techniques that learn improved representations via offline data or self-supervised objectives have shown impressive results in traditional reinforcement learning (RL). Nevertheless, it is unclear how improved representation learning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Vaskar Nath , Dylan Slack , Jeff Da , Yuntao Ma , Hugh Zhang , Spencer Whitehead , Sean Hendryx

Pre-trained language models (LMs) store knowledge in their parameters and can generate informative responses when used in conversational systems. However, LMs suffer from the problem of "hallucination:" they may generate plausible-looking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Weiwei Sun , Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Anaphora resolution is one of the major problems in natural language processing. It is also one of the important tasks in machine translation and man/machine dialogue. We solve the problem by using surface expressions and examples. Surface…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Masaki Murata

A possible explanation for the impressive performance of masked language model (MLM) pre-training is that such models have learned to represent the syntactic structures prevalent in classical NLP pipelines. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Koustuv Sinha , Robin Jia , Dieuwke Hupkes , Joelle Pineau , Adina Williams , Douwe Kiela

Adapting language models (LMs) to novel domains is often achieved through fine-tuning a pre-trained LM (PLM) on domain-specific data. Fine-tuning introduces new knowledge into an LM, enabling it to comprehend and efficiently perform a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Micheal Abaho , Danushka Bollegala , Gary Leeming , Dan Joyce , Iain E Buchan

We investigate the use of large language models (LLMs) as post-processing modules for automatic speech recognition (ASR), focusing on their ability to perform error correction for disordered speech. In particular, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Abner Hernandez , Tomás Arias Vergara , Andreas Maier , Paula Andrea Pérez-Toro

In pro-drop language like Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and many others, unrealized (null) arguments in certain syntactic positions can refer to a previously introduced entity, and are thus called anaphoric zero pronouns. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Abdulrahman Aloraini , Massimo Poesio

Efficient finetuning of large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt the LLMs with reduced computational and memory cost. Previous LoRA-based approaches initialize the low-rank matrices with Gaussian distribution and zero values while keeping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hanqing Wang , Yixia Li , Shuo Wang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Due to the recent advances of natural language processing, several works have applied the pre-trained masked language model (MLM) of BERT to the post-correction of speech recognition. However, existing pre-trained models only consider the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Yi-Chang Chen , Chun-Yen Cheng , Chien-An Chen , Ming-Chieh Sung , Yi-Ren Yeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their ability to improve the performance of speech recognizers by effectively rescoring the n-best hypotheses generated during the beam search process. However, the best way to exploit recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ada Defne Tur , Adel Moumen , Mirco Ravanelli

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Transformer-based autoregressive (AR) methods have achieved appealing performance for varied sequence-to-sequence generation tasks, e.g., neural machine translation, summarization, and code generation, but suffer from low inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yisheng Xiao , Ruiyang Xu , Lijun Wu , Juntao Li , Tao Qin , Yan-Tie Liu , Min Zhang

Masked language models (MLMs) are pre-trained with a denoising objective that is in a mismatch with the objective of downstream fine-tuning. We propose pragmatic masking and surrogate fine-tuning as two complementing strategies that exploit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including solving math word problems (MWPs), but struggle with real-world problems containing irrelevant information. To address this, we propose a prompting framework that generates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Shreyas Verma , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra