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This document briefly describes the Black-Box Multi-Objective Optimization Benchmarking (BMOBench) platform. It presents the test problems, evaluation procedure, and experimental setup. To this end, the BMOBench is demonstrated by comparing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Abdullah Al-Dujaili , S. Suresh

Quality Diversity (QD) algorithms such as MAP-Elites are a class of optimisation techniques that attempt to find a set of high-performing points from an objective function while enforcing behavioural diversity of the points over one or more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Paul Kent , Juergen Branke

Search-based software testing (SBST) is now a mature area, with numerous techniques developed to tackle the challenging task of software testing. SBST techniques have shown promising results and have been successfully applied in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Neelofar Neelofar , Kate Smith-Miles , Mario Andres Munoz , Aldeida Aleti

Noise characterization methods such as randomized benchmarking (RB) are critical for the development of scalable quantum computers. Modern RB protocols for multiqubit systems extract physically relevant error rates by exploiting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Yale Fan , Riley Murray , Thaddeus D. Ladd , Kevin Young , Robin Blume-Kohout

There are a large number of optimization problems in physical models where the relationships between model parameters and outputs are unknown or hard to track. These models are named as black-box models in general because they can only be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Zhongkai Shangguan , Lei Lin , Wencheng Wu , Beilei Xu

In-memory computing (IMC) has been shown to be a promising approach for solving binary optimization problems while significantly reducing energy and latency. Building on the advantages of parallel computation, we propose an IMC-compatible…

The global optimization of classification trees has demonstrated considerable promise, notably in enhancing accuracy, optimizing size, and thereby improving human comprehensibility. While existing optimal classification trees substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jiancheng Tu , Wenqi Fan , Zhibin Wu

We discuss guidelines for evaluating the performance of parameterized stochastic solvers for optimization problems, with particular attention to systems that employ novel hardware, such as digital quantum processors running variational…

The Particle Swarm Optimization Policy (PSO-P) has been recently introduced and proven to produce remarkable results on interacting with academic reinforcement learning benchmarks in an off-policy, batch-based setting. To further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Michel Tokic , Alexander Hentschel , Thomas A. Runkler , Volkmar Sterzing

Many real-world optimisation problems are defined over both categorical and continuous variables, yet efficient optimisation methods such asBayesian Optimisation (BO) are not designed tohandle such mixed-variable search spaces. Recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-18 Yan Zuo , Amir Dezfouli , Iadine Chades , David Alexander , Benjamin Ward Muir

Structural bias (SB) refers to systematic preferences of an optimisation algorithm for particular regions of the search space that arise independently of the objective function. While SB has been studied extensively in single-objective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jakub Kudela , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a class of black-box, surrogate-based heuristics that can efficiently optimize problems that are expensive to evaluate, and hence admit only small evaluation budgets. BO is particularly popular for solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Maria Laura Santoni , Elena Raponi , Renato De Leone , Carola Doerr

The QED-C suite of Application-Oriented Benchmarks provides the ability to gauge performance characteristics of quantum computers as applied to real-world applications. Its benchmark programs sweep over a range of problem sizes and inputs,…

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a powerful method for optimizing black-box functions by combining prior knowledge with ongoing function evaluations. BO constructs a probabilistic surrogate model of the objective function given the covariates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Roi Naveiro , Becky Tang

Information Retrieval (IR) plays a pivotal role in diverse Software Engineering (SE) tasks, e.g., bug localization and triaging, code retrieval, requirements analysis, etc. The choice of similarity measure is the core component of an IR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Md Masudur Rahman , Saikat Chakraborty , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Optimizing expensive to evaluate black-box functions over an input space consisting of all permutations of d objects is an important problem with many real-world applications. For example, placement of functional blocks in hardware design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Aryan Deshwal , Syrine Belakaria , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Dae Hyun Kim

The world of empirical machine learning (ML) strongly relies on benchmarks in order to determine the relative effectiveness of different algorithms and methods. This paper proposes the notion of "a benchmark lottery" that describes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Mostafa Dehghani , Yi Tay , Alexey A. Gritsenko , Zhe Zhao , Neil Houlsby , Fernando Diaz , Donald Metzler , Oriol Vinyals

We introduce COCO, an open source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting. COCO aims at automatizing the tedious and repetitive task of benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms to the greatest possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Nikolaus Hansen , Anne Auger , Raymond Ros , Olaf Mersmann , Tea Tušar , Dimo Brockhoff

Reinforcement finetuning (RFT) is a key technique for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences and enhancing reasoning, yet its effectiveness is highly sensitive to which tasks are explored during training. Uniform task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Qianli Shen , Daoyuan Chen , Yilun Huang , Zhenqing Ling , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Black-box and preference-based optimization algorithms are global optimization procedures that aim to find the global solutions of an optimization problem using, respectively, the least amount of function evaluations or sample comparisons…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Davide Previtali , Mirko Mazzoleni , Antonio Ferramosca , Fabio Previdi