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A widely studied non-deterministic polynomial time (NP) hard problem lies in finding a route between the two nodes of a graph. Often meta-heuristics algorithms such as $A^{*}$ are employed on graphs with a large number of nodes. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta

In this paper, we propose Neural Phrase-to-Phrase Machine Translation (NP$^2$MT). Our model uses a phrase attention mechanism to discover relevant input (source) segments that are used by a decoder to generate output (target) phrases. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Jiangtao Feng , Lingpeng Kong , Po-Sen Huang , Chong Wang , Da Huang , Jiayuan Mao , Kan Qiao , Dengyong Zhou

Training objectives based on predictive coding have recently been shown to be very effective at learning meaningful representations from unlabeled speech. One example is Autoregressive Predictive Coding (Chung et al., 2019), which trains an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-14 Yu-An Chung , James Glass

Speech-to-text alignment is a critical component of neural text to speech (TTS) models. Autoregressive TTS models typically use an attention mechanism to learn these alignments on-line, while non-autoregressive end to end TTS models rely on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Junjie Cao

Segments that span contiguous parts of inputs, such as phonemes in speech, named entities in sentences, actions in videos, occur frequently in sequence prediction problems. Segmental models, a class of models that explicitly hypothesizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Hao Tang

Unsupervised spoken term discovery consists of two tasks: finding the acoustic segment boundaries and labeling acoustically similar segments with the same labels. We perform segmentation based on the assumption that the frame feature…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Saurabhchand Bhati , Jesús Villalba , Piotr Żelasko , Najim Dehak

Lipreading is the task of decoding text from the movement of a speaker's mouth. Traditional approaches separated the problem into two stages: designing or learning visual features, and prediction. More recent deep lipreading approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Yannis M. Assael , Brendan Shillingford , Shimon Whiteson , Nando de Freitas

Even as pre-trained language encoders such as BERT are shared across many tasks, the output layers of question answering, text classification, and regression models are significantly different. Span decoders are frequently used for question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Bryan McCann , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Incorporating syntactic information in Neural Machine Translation models is a method to compensate their requirement for a large amount of parallel training text, especially for low-resource language pairs. Previous works on using syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Poorya Zaremoodi , Gholamreza Haffari

Task-oriented semantic parsing models typically have high resource requirements: to support new ontologies (i.e., intents and slots), practitioners crowdsource thousands of samples for supervised fine-tuning. Partly, this is due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Shrey Desai , Akshat Shrivastava , Alexander Zotov , Ahmed Aly

Having a sequence-to-sequence model which can operate in an online fashion is important for streaming applications such as Voice Search. Neural transducer is a streaming sequence-to-sequence model, but has shown a significant degradation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Tara N. Sainath , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Anjuli Kannan , Yonghui Wu , Patrick Nguyen , Zhifeng Chen

Encoder-decoder networks with attention have proven to be a powerful way to solve many sequence-to-sequence tasks. In these networks, attention aligns encoder and decoder states and is often used for visualizing network behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Kyle Aitken , Vinay V Ramasesh , Yuan Cao , Niru Maheswaranathan

Dense vector representations for sentences made significant progress in recent years as can be seen on sentence similarity tasks. Real-world phrase retrieval applications, on the other hand, still encounter challenges for effective use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Eyal Orbach , Lev Haikin , Nelly David , Avi Faizakof

Sentence matching is widely used in various natural language tasks such as natural language inference, paraphrase identification, and question answering. For these tasks, understanding logical and semantic relationship between two sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Seonhoon Kim , Inho Kang , Nojun Kwak

Sequence-to-sequence models have achieved impressive results on various tasks. However, they are unsuitable for tasks that require incremental predictions to be made as more data arrives or tasks that have long input sequences and output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-08 Navdeep Jaitly , David Sussillo , Quoc V. Le , Oriol Vinyals , Ilya Sutskever , Samy Bengio

We introduce a novel paraphrastic augmentation strategy based on sentence-level lexically constrained paraphrasing and discriminative span alignment. Our approach allows for the large-scale expansion of existing resources, or the rapid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Ryan Culkin , J. Edward Hu , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Guanghui Qin , Benjamin Van Durme

Understanding human language is one of the key themes of artificial intelligence. For language representation, the capacity of effectively modeling the linguistic knowledge from the detail-riddled and lengthy texts and getting rid of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Zhuosheng Zhang , Yuwei Wu , Junru Zhou , Sufeng Duan , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often rely on autoregressive (AR) Transformer decoder architectures, which limit efficient inference parallelization due to their sequential nature. To this end, non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tianzi Wang , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Zhaoqing Li , Shoukang Hu , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Mingyu Cui , Helen Meng , Xunying Liu

Transformers have demonstrated great success in numerous domains including natural language processing and bioinformatics. This success stems from the use of the attention mechanism by these models in order to represent and propagate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nathaniel Tomczak , Sanmukh Kuppannagari