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Digital quantum simulation of electron-phonon systems requires truncating infinite phonon levels into $N$ basis states and then encoding them with qubit computational basis. Unary encoding and the more compact binary/Gray encoding are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Weitang Li , Jiajun Ren , Sainan Huai , Tianqi Cai , Zhigang Shuai , Shengyu Zhang

We introduce a new family of quantum circuits in Continuous Variables and we show that, relying on the widely accepted conjecture that the polynomial hierarchy of complexity classes does not collapse, their output probability distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Ulysse Chabaud , Tom Douce , Damian Markham , Peter van Loock , Elham Kashefi , Giulia Ferrini

Quantum computers promise exponential speedups for problems in cryptography, chemistry, and optimization. Realizing this promise requires fault tolerance: physical qubits are noisy, so logical qubits must be encoded redundantly across many…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aws Albarghouthi

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

We employed the techniques from [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{70}, 052328 (2004)/arXiv:0406196] to analytically study two set of quantum circuits containing one $T$ gate/magic $|T\rangle = \frac{|0\rangle+\sqrt{i}|1\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}$ state. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kwok Ho Wan

Quantum circuit simulations are critical for evaluating quantum algorithms and machines. However, the number of state amplitudes required for full simulation increases exponentially with the number of qubits. In this study, we leverage data…

Random quantum states have various applications in quantum information science. We discover a new ensemble of quantum states that serve as an $\epsilon$-approximate state $t$-design while possessing extremely low entanglement, magic, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Wonjun Lee , Minki Hhan , Gil Young Cho , Hyukjoon Kwon

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

It is imperative that useful quantum computers be very difficult to simulate classically; otherwise classical computers could be used for the applications envisioned for the quantum ones. Perfect quantum computers are unarguably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Yiqing Zhou , E. Miles Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…

Quasi-probability decompositions (QPDs) have proven essential in many quantum algorithms and protocols -- one replaces a ``difficult'' quantum circuit with an ensemble of ``easier'' circuit variants whose weighted outcomes reproduce any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Joshua W. Dai , Bálint Koczor

The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

Simulating quantum circuits classically is an important area of research in quantum information, with applications in computational complexity and validation of quantum devices. One of the state-of-the-art simulators, that of Bravyi et al,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Hammam Qassim , Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

Efficient constructions for quantum logic are essential since quantum computation is experimentally challenging. This thesis develops quantum logic synthesis as a paradigm for reducing the resource overhead in fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-29 N. Cody Jones

Translating a general quantum circuit on a specific hardware topology with a reduced set of available gates, also known as transpilation, comes with a substantial increase in the length of the equivalent circuit. Due to decoherence, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Bodo Rosenhahn , Tobias J. Osborne , Christoph Hirche

Quantum Supremacy is a demonstration of a computation by a quantum computer that can not be performed by the best classical computer in a reasonable time. A well-studied approach to demonstrating this on near-term quantum computers is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Julien Codsi , John van de Wetering

We construct a polynomial-time classical algorithm that samples from the output distribution of noisy geometrically local Clifford circuits with any product-state input and single-qubit measurements in any basis. Our results apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

Efficient methods for the simulation of quantum circuits on classic computers are crucial for their analysis due to the exponential growth of the problem size with the number of qubits. Here we study lumping methods based on bisimulation,…

We study the distribution over measurement outcomes of noisy random quantum circuits in the low-fidelity regime. We show that, for local noise that is sufficiently weak and unital, correlations (measured by the linear cross-entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Alexander M. Dalzell , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão
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