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Current state-of-the-art models for sentiment analysis make use of word order either explicitly by pre-training on a language modeling objective or implicitly by using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or convolutional networks (CNNs). This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Àlex R. Atrio , Toni Badia , Jeremy Barnes

Recently, neural models pretrained on a language modeling task, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2017), OpenAI GPT (Radford et al., 2018), and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), have achieved impressive results on various natural language processing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Rodrigo Nogueira , Kyunghyun Cho

This paper presents Semantic SentenceRank (SSR), an unsupervised scheme for automatically ranking sentences in a single document according to their relative importance. In particular, SSR extracts essential words and phrases from a text…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Hao Zhang , Jie Wang

We model collapsible and ordered pushdown systems with term rewriting, by encoding higher-order stacks and multiple stacks into trees. We show a uniform inverse preservation of recognizability result for the resulting class of term…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-16 Lorenzo Clemente

In Transformer-based neural machine translation (NMT), the positional encoding mechanism helps the self-attention networks to learn the source representation with order dependency, which makes the Transformer-based NMT achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kehai Chen , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita

Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, with contrastive learning methods achieving strong performance using annotated datasets like NLI. Yet, the reliance on manual labels limits scalability. Recent studies leverage large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyang He , Chenglong Liu , Rui Li , Zhenya Huang , Shulan Ruan , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

Language evolves over time in many ways relevant to natural language processing tasks. For example, recent occurrences of tokens 'BERT' and 'ELMO' in publications refer to neural network architectures rather than persons. This type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Johannes Bjerva , Wouter Kouw , Isabelle Augenstein

Monolingual word alignment is crucial to model semantic interactions between sentences. In particular, null alignment, a phenomenon in which words have no corresponding counterparts, is pervasive and critical in handling semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Yuki Arase , Han Bao , Sho Yokoi

Self-attention networks (SAN) have attracted a lot of interests due to their high parallelization and strong performance on a variety of NLP tasks, e.g. machine translation. Due to the lack of recurrence structure such as recurrent neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Baosong Yang , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao , Zhaopeng Tu

We present an attention-based ranking framework for learning to order sentences given a paragraph. Our framework is built on a bidirectional sentence encoder and a self-attention based transformer network to obtain an input order invariant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Pawan Kumar , Dhanajit Brahma , Harish Karnick , Piyush Rai

The underlying structure of natural language is hierarchical; words combine into phrases, which in turn form clauses. An awareness of this hierarchical structure can aid machine learning models in performing many linguistic tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Ashok Thillaisundaram

The recently introduced BERT model exhibits strong performance on several language understanding benchmarks. In this paper, we describe a simple re-implementation of BERT for commonsense reasoning. We show that the attentions produced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Tasks that model the relation between pairs of tokens in a string are a vital part of understanding natural language. Such tasks, in general, require exhaustive pair-wise comparisons of tokens, thus having a quadratic runtime complexity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tianyu Liu , Afra Amini , Mrinmaya Sachan , Ryan Cotterell

An important component of achieving language understanding is mastering the composition of sentence meaning, but an immediate challenge to solving this problem is the opacity of sentence vector representations produced by current neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Allyson Ettinger , Ahmed Elgohary , Colin Phillips , Philip Resnik

Recently, pre-trained contextual models, such as BERT, have shown to perform well in language related tasks. We revisit the design decisions that govern the applicability of these models for the passage re-ranking task in open-domain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Jurek Leonhardt , Fabian Beringer , Avishek Anand

Current benchmark tasks for natural language processing contain text that is qualitatively different from the text used in informal day to day digital communication. This discrepancy has led to severe performance degradation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Ana-Maria Bucur , Adrian Cosma , Liviu P. Dinu

The problem of categorizing short speech sentences according to their semantic features with high accuracy is a subject studied in natural language processing. In this study, a data set created with samples classified in 46 different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 D. Emre Taşar , Şükrü Ozan , Umut Özdil , M. Fatih Akca , Oğuzhan Ölmez , Semih Gülüm , Seçilay Kutal , Ceren Belhan

Existing sentence ordering approaches generally employ encoder-decoder frameworks with the pointer net to recover the coherence by recurrently predicting each sentence step-by-step. Such an autoregressive manner only leverages unilateral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yi Bin , Wenhao Shi , Bin Ji , Jipeng Zhang , Yujuan Ding , Yang Yang

Sequential word order is important when processing text. Currently, neural networks (NNs) address this by modeling word position using position embeddings. The problem is that position embeddings capture the position of individual words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Benyou Wang , Donghao Zhao , Christina Lioma , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang , Jakob Grue Simonsen

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito