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Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is widely recognized as a powerful, non-distractive method for chemical analysis. However, its utility is constrained by a micrometer-scale spatial resolution imposed by the long-wavelength MIR diffraction…

Deep-tissue chemical imaging plays a vital role in biological and medical applications. Here, we present a shortwave infrared photothermal (SWIP) microscope for millimeter-deep vibrational imaging with sub-micron lateral resolution and…

Advancement in mid-infrared (MIR) technology has led to promising biomedical applications of MIR spectroscopy, such as liquid biopsy or breath diagnosis. On the contrary, MIR microscopy has been rarely used for live biological samples in an…

Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is a new chemical imaging technology in which a visible beam senses the photothermal effect induced by a pulsed infrared laser. This technology provides infrared spectroscopic information at sub-micron…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-08 Yi Zhang , Haonan Zong , Cheng Zong , Yuying Tan , Meng Zhang , Yuewei Zhan , Ji-Xin Cheng

Label-free imaging of rapidly moving, sub-diffraction sized structures has important applications in both biology and material science, as it removes the limitations associated with fluorescence tagging. However, unlabeled nanoscale…

Spectroscopy and imaging in the mid-infrared (2.5 $\mu$m $\sim$ $\lambda$ $\sim$ 25 $\mu$m) is bedevilled by the presence of a strong 300 K thermal background at room temperature that makes IR detectors decades noisier than can be readily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Yue Ma , Nathan Gemmell , Emma Pearce , Rupert Oulton , Chris Phillips

Hyperspectral microscopy is an imaging technique that provides spectroscopic information with high spatial resolution. When applied in the relevant wavelength region, such as in the infrared (IR), it can reveal a rich spectral fingerprint…

Mid-InfraRed spectroscopy is a promising label-free technique that can offer insights into morphological and pathological alterations in biological tissues at the molecular level. Owing to the development of the Fourier Transform InfraRed…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Xiangyu Zhao , Yudong Tian , Jingzhu Shao , Chongzhao Wu

High-resolution chemical imaging within deep tissues and intact spheroids remains a grand challenge. Here, we introduce mid-wave infrared photothermal (MWIP) microscopy operating in the underexplored 2000-2500 nm spectral window for…

Wide-field mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) imaging offers rapid labelfree chemical contrast for biomedical and polymer analysis. However, its field of view (FOV) is limited by the pulse intensity of conventional infrared lasers. Here, we…

Mid-infrared (MIR) imaging offers powerful capabilities for label-free chemical analysis, yet its practical deployment remains hindered by the high cost and cryogenic complexity of conventional cameras. Two-photon absorption (TPA) provides…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-25 Huijie Ma , Kun Huang , Jianan Fang , Ziyu He , Yan Liang , Heping Zeng

Sensing with undetected photons has become a vibrant, application-driven research domain with a special focus on the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength region. Since the mid-IR contains spectral bands with highly specific and strong molecular…

Interferometric scattering microscopy has been a very promising technology for highly sensitive label-free imaging of a broad spectrum of biological nanoparticles from proteins to viruses in a high-throughput manner. Although it can reveal…

Optics · Physics 2021-08-11 Celalettin Yurdakul , Haonan Zong , Yeran Bai , Ji-Xin Cheng , M. Selim Unlu

Label-free vibrational microscopy provides chemically specific access to cellular structure, yet quantitative volumetric chemical dynamics in living cells remain largely inaccessible, particularly on subsecond timescales relevant to…

Infrared (IR) imaging has become a viable tool for visualizing various chemical bonds in a specimen. The performance, however, is limited in terms of spatial resolution and imaging speed. Here, instead of measuring the loss of the IR beam,…

Optics · Physics 2018-11-20 Yeran Bai , Delong Zhang , Lu Lan , Yimin Huang , Kerry Maize , Ali Shakouri , Ji-Xin Cheng

Mid-infrared photodetectors are susceptible to background noise since every object in the surroundings emits thermal radiation from different directions. To reduce this background noise and enhance signal-to-noise ratio of mid-infrared…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-30 Ziwei Fan , Taeseung Hwang , Yixin Chen , Zi Jing Wong

Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy is a well-established technique for non-destructive quantitative molecular analysis. Waveguide-integrated sensors provide a particularly compact solution operating with reduced sample volumes while…

Optical photothermal microscopy is a powerful, emerging method that overcomes the diffraction limit in infrared hyperspectral imaging by utilizing a visible probe laser beam to detect local temperature-induced modulation at the visible…

Ovarian cancer detection has traditionally relied on a multi-step process that includes biopsy, tissue staining, and morphological analysis by experienced pathologists. While widely practiced, this conventional approach suffers from several…

Pupil-mapping is a technique whereby a uniformly-illuminated input pupil, such as from starlight, can be mapped into a non-uniformly illuminated exit pupil, such that the image formed from this pupil will have suppressed sidelobes, many…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. J. Vanderbei
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