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Interpretable-by-design models are gaining traction in computer vision because they provide faithful explanations for their predictions. In image classification, these models typically recover human-interpretable concepts from an image and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nghia Nguyen , Tianjiao Ding , René Vidal

Despite significant progress in intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD), the lack of interpretability remains a critical barrier to practical industrial applications, driving the growth of interpretability research in IFD. Post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Qian Chen , Xingjian Dong , Zhike Peng , Guang Meng

One of the most popular methods of the machine learning prediction explanation is the SHapley Additive exPlanations method (SHAP). An imprecise SHAP as a modification of the original SHAP is proposed for cases when the class probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov , Kirill A. Vishniakov

Understanding the predictions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems is becoming more and more important as deep learning models are used for increasingly complex and high-stakes tasks. Saliency mapping -- a popular visual attribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Jessica Cooper , Ognjen Arandjelović , David J Harrison

The increasing complexity of foundational models underscores the necessity for explainability, particularly for fine-tuning, the most widely used training method for adapting models to downstream tasks. Instance attribution, one type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jingtan Wang , Xiaoqiang Lin , Rui Qiao , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

In the domain of black-box model extraction, conventional methods reliant on soft labels or surrogate datasets struggle with scaling to high-dimensional input spaces and managing the complexity of an extensive array of interrelated classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Somnath Sendhil Kumar , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Pavan Kulkarni , Manojkumar Parmar

Deploying deep neural networks for risk-sensitive tasks necessitates an uncertainty estimation mechanism. This paper introduces hierarchical selective classification, extending selective classification to a hierarchical setting. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shani Goren , Ido Galil , Ran El-Yaniv

Humans are able to recognize structured relations in observation, allowing us to decompose complex scenes into simpler parts and abstract the visual world in multiple levels. However, such hierarchical reasoning ability of human perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Liulei Li , Tianfei Zhou , Wenguan Wang , Jianwu Li , Yi Yang

The importance of explainability in machine learning continues to grow, as both neural-network architectures and the data they model become increasingly complex. Unique challenges arise when a model's input features become high dimensional:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Damien de Mijolla , Christopher Frye , Markus Kunesch , John Mansir , Ilya Feige

Transparency and explainability in image classification are essential for establishing trust in machine learning models and detecting biases and errors. State-of-the-art explainability methods generate saliency maps to show where a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Matteo Bianchi , Antonio De Santis , Andrea Tocchetti , Marco Brambilla

In Machine Learning, the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score is a version of the Shapley value that is used to explain the result of a learned model on a specific entity by assigning a score to every feature. While in general computing Shapley values is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barceló , Leopoldo Bertossi , Mikaël Monet

Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

The overarching goal of Explainable AI is to develop systems that not only exhibit intelligent behaviours, but also are able to explain their rationale and reveal insights. In explainable machine learning, methods that produce a high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu , Thomas C. Henderson

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in processing and managing unstructured data. However, its "black box" nature imposes significant limitations, particularly in sensitive application domains. While existing interpretable machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Wen-Dong Jiang , Chih-Yung Chang , Show-Jane Yen , Diptendu Sinha Roy

Explaining deep convolutional neural networks has been recently drawing increasing attention since it helps to understand the networks' internal operations and why they make certain decisions. Saliency maps, which emphasize salient regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Quan Zheng , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Multi-scale inference is commonly used to improve the results of semantic segmentation. Multiple images scales are passed through a network and then the results are combined with averaging or max pooling. In this work, we present an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Andrew Tao , Karan Sapra , Bryan Catanzaro

In this growing age of data and technology, large black-box models are becoming the norm due to their ability to handle vast amounts of data and learn incredibly complex input-output relationships. The deficiency of these methods, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Justin Lin , Julia Fukuyama

Shapley values have emerged as a widely accepted and trustworthy tool, grounded in theoretical axioms, for addressing challenges posed by black-box models like deep neural networks. However, computing Shapley values encounters exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Borui Zhang , Baotong Tian , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

We present HARP, a novel method for learning low dimensional embeddings of a graph's nodes which preserves higher-order structural features. Our proposed method achieves this by compressing the input graph prior to embedding it, effectively…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Haochen Chen , Bryan Perozzi , Yifan Hu , Steven Skiena

The SHAP (short for Shapley additive explanation) framework has become an essential tool for attributing importance to variables in predictive tasks. In model-agnostic settings, SHAP uses the concept of Shapley values from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-12 Justin Whitehouse , Ayush Sawarni , Vasilis Syrgkanis