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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging field in AI that aims to address the opaque nature of machine learning models. Furthermore, it has been shown that XAI can be used to extract input-output relationships, making them a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Geemi P. Wellawatte , Philippe Schwaller

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), i.e., the development of more transparent and interpretable AI models, has gained increased traction over the last few years. This is due to the fact that, in conjunction with their growth into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Erika Puiutta , Eric MSP Veith

This paper examines two different yet related questions related to explainable AI (XAI) practices. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly important in financial services, such as pre-approval, credit underwriting, investments, and various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Swati Tyagi

The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Gaith Rjoub , Jamal Bentahar , Omar Abdel Wahab , Rabeb Mizouni , Alyssa Song , Robin Cohen , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

A large set of the explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) literature is emerging on feature relevance techniques to explain a deep neural network (DNN) output or explaining models that ingest image source data. However, assessing how XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Alexandre Heuillet , Fabien Couthouis , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Neural networks are widely regarded as black-box models, creating significant challenges in understanding their inner workings, especially in natural language processing (NLP) applications. To address this opacity, model explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Melkamu Mersha , Mingiziem Bitewa , Tsion Abay , Jugal Kalita

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a crucial role in enabling human understanding and trust in deep learning systems. As models get larger, more ubiquitous, and pervasive in aspects of daily life, explainability is necessary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Vinitra Swamy , Jibril Frej , Tanja Käser

When it comes to complex machine learning models, commonly referred to as black boxes, understanding the underlying decision making process is crucial for domains such as healthcare and financial services, and also when it is used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Jürgen Dieber , Sabrina Kirrane

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

Explainable AI (XAI) is an active research area to interpret a neural network's decision by ensuring transparency and trust in the task-specified learned models. Recently, perturbation-based model analysis has shown better interpretation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mahesh Sudhakar , Sam Sattarzadeh , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Jongseong Jang , Yeonjeong Jeong , Hyunwoo Kim

As Machine Learning models are considered for autonomous decisions with significant social impact, the need for understanding how these models work rises rapidly. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide interpretations for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Jaime Pizarroso , David Alfaya , José Portela , Antonio Muñoz

Deep learning (DL) models have been popular due to their ability to learn directly from the raw data in an end-to-end paradigm, alleviating the concern of a separate error-prone feature extraction phase. Recent DL-based neuroimaging studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Md. Mahfuzur Rahman , Vince D. Calhoun , Sergey M. Plis

Artificial Intelligence is rapidly advancing and radically impacting everyday life, driven by the increasing availability of computing power. Despite this trend, the adoption of AI in real-world healthcare is still limited. One of the main…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Akshat Dubey , Zewen Yang , Georges Hattab

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential for analyzing complex data and solving highly-challenging tasks. It is being applied across numerous disciplines beyond computer science, including Food Engineering, where there is a growing…

As the societal impact of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) grows, the goals for advancing DNNs become more complex and diverse, ranging from improving a conventional model accuracy metric to infusing advanced human virtues such as fairness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Yuyang Gao , Siyi Gu , Junji Jiang , Sungsoo Ray Hong , Dazhou Yu , Liang Zhao

AI systems have seen significant adoption in various domains. At the same time, further adoption in some domains is hindered by inability to fully trust an AI system that it will not harm a human. Besides the concerns for fairness, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur , Kaushik Roy , Keyur Faldu

Cybersecurity vendors consistently apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) to their solutions and many cybersecurity domains can benefit from AI technology. However, black-box AI techniques present some difficulties in comprehension and adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Carlos Mendes , Tatiane Nogueira Rios

Interpretable machine learning (IML) becomes increasingly important in highly regulated industry sectors related to the health and safety or fundamental rights of human beings. In general, the inherently IML models should be adopted because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Agus Sudjianto , Aijun Zhang

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to develop transparent explanatory approaches for "black-box" deep learning models. However,it remains difficult for existing methods to achieve the trade-off of the three key criteria in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Changqi Sun , Hao Xu , Yuntian Chen , Dongxiao Zhang

This paper introduces an approach to increasing the explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems by embedding Large Language Models (LLMs) within standardized analytical processes. While traditional explainable AI (XAI) methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Marc Jansen , Marcel Pehlke