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Current Machine Translation systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and data sets. However, it is now well known that they produce fluent translation outputs that often can contain important meaning errors.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Vibhuti Kumari , Narayana Murthy Kavi

We investigate the tradeoff between adequacy and fluency in machine translation. We show the severity of this tradeoff at the evaluation level and analyze where popular metrics fall within it. Essentially, current metrics generally lean…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Behzad Shayegh , Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Tobias Domhan , Juraj Juraska , Markus Freitag , Lili Mou

Despite major advances in multilingual modeling, large quality disparities persist across languages. Besides the obvious impact of uneven training resources, typological properties have also been proposed to determine the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vitalii Hirak , Jaap Jumelet , Arianna Bisazza

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP) as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Sameen Maruf , Fahimeh Saleh , Gholamreza Haffari

Machine translation (MT) plays an important role in benefiting linguists, sociologists, computer scientists, etc. by processing natural language to translate it into some other natural language. And this demand has grown exponentially over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Ankush Garg , Mayank Agarwal

Traditionally, Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation has been treated as a regression problem -- producing an absolute translation-quality score. This approach has two limitations: i) the scores lack interpretability, and human annotators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Although neural-based machine translation evaluation metrics, such as COMET or BLEURT, have achieved strong correlations with human judgements, they are sometimes unreliable in detecting certain phenomena that can be considered as critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Taisiya Glushkova , Chrysoula Zerva , André F. T. Martins

Document-level machine translation conditions on surrounding sentences to produce coherent translations. There has been much recent work in this area with the introduction of custom model architectures and decoding algorithms. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Zhiyi Ma , Sergey Edunov , Michael Auli

Machine translation (MT) systems, especially when designed for an industrial setting, are trained with general parallel data derived from the Web. Thus, their style is typically driven by word/structure distribution coming from the average…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

In machine translation, rare words continue to be a problem for the dominant encoder-decoder architecture, especially in low-resource and out-of-domain translation settings. Human translators solve this problem with monolingual or bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Kenneth J. Sible , David Chiang

Multimodal machine translation is an attractive application of neural machine translation (NMT). It helps computers to deeply understand visual objects and their relations with natural languages. However, multimodal NMT systems suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Tosho Hirasawa , Hayahide Yamagishi , Yukio Matsumura , Mamoru Komachi

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and machine translation (MT) resources, such as dictionaries and parallel corpora, are scarce and hard to come by for special domains. Besides, these resources are just limited to a few languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-02-20 Sa Liu , Chengzhi Zhang

Evaluation of cross-lingual encoders is usually performed either via zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in supervised downstream tasks or via unsupervised cross-lingual textual similarity. In this paper, we concern ourselves with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Wei Zhao , Goran Glavaš , Maxime Peyrard , Yang Gao , Robert West , Steffen Eger

Literary translation is a culturally significant task, but it is bottlenecked by the small number of qualified literary translators relative to the many untranslated works published around the world. Machine translation (MT) holds potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Katherine Thai , Marzena Karpinska , Kalpesh Krishna , Bill Ray , Moira Inghilleri , John Wieting , Mohit Iyyer

As research on machine translation moves to translating text beyond the sentence level, it remains unclear how effective automatic evaluation metrics are at scoring longer translations. In this work, we first propose a method for creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Daniel Deutsch , Juraj Juraska , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Recent instruction fine-tuned models can solve multiple NLP tasks when prompted to do so, with machine translation (MT) being a prominent use case. However, current research often focuses on standard performance benchmarks, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Giuseppe Attanasio , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Debora Nozza , Anne Lauscher

Machine translation (MT) requires a wide range of linguistic capabilities, which current end-to-end models are expected to learn implicitly by observing aligned sentences in bilingual corpora. In this work, we ask: \emph{How well do MT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Asaf Yehudai , Arie Cattan , Omri Abend , Gabriel Stanovsky

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are great translators, but this is largely limited to high-resource languages. For many LLMs, translating in and out of low-resource languages remains a challenging task. To maximize data efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zheng Wei Lim , Nitish Gupta , Honglin Yu , Trevor Cohn

A confidence measure is able to estimate the reliability of an hypothesis provided by a machine translation system. The problem of confidence measure can be seen as a process of testing : we want to decide whether the most probable sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-02-09 Sylvain Raybaud , Caroline Lavecchia , David Langlois , Kamel Smaïli

One of the most popular methods for context-aware machine translation (MT) is to use separate encoders for the source sentence and context as multiple sources for one target sentence. Recent work has cast doubt on whether these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Matīss Rikters , Toshiaki Nakazawa