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The Witten $r$-spin class defines a non-semisimple cohomological field theory. Pandharipande, Pixton and Zvonkine studied two special shifts of the Witten class along two semisimple directions of the associated Dubrovin--Frobenius manifold…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Séverin Charbonnier , Nitin Kumar Chidambaram , Elba Garcia-Failde , Alessandro Giacchetto

We derive a closed-form expression for all genus 1 Hurwitz numbers, and give a simple new graph-theoretic interpretation of Hurwitz numbers in genus 0 and 1. (Hurwitz numbers essentially count irreducible genus g covers of the sphere, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ravi Vakil

Hurwitz numbers, which count certain covers of the projective line (or, equivalently, factorizations of permuations into transpositions), have been extensively studied for over a century. The Gromov-Witten potential F of a point, the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ian Goulden , David Jackson , Ravi Vakil

Double Hurwitz numbers enumerating weighted $n$-sheeted branched coverings of the Riemann sphere or, equivalently, weighted paths in the Cayley graph of $S_n$ generated by transpositions are determined by an associated weight generating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 Mathieu Guay-Paquet , J. Harnad

Hurwitz numbers enumerate ramified coverings of the Riemann sphere with fixed ramification data. Certain kinds of ramification data are of particular interest, such as double Hurwitz numbers, which count covers with fixed arbitrary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Marvin Anas Hahn

The theta characteristics on a Riemann surface are permuted by the induced action of the automorphism group, with the orbit structure being important for the geometry of the curve and associated manifolds. We describe two new methods for…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-16 H. W. Braden , Linden Disney-Hogg

We present a new proof of Witten's conjecture. The proof is based on the analysis of the relationship between intersection indices on moduli spaces of complex curves and Hurwitz numbers enumerating ramified coverings of the 2-sphere.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-26 M. E. Kazarian , S. K. Lando

We study the spin Gromov-Witten (GW) theory of $\mathbb{P}^1$. Using the standard torus action on $\mathbb{P}^1$, we prove that the associated equivariant potential can be expressed by means of operator formalism and satisfies the 2-BKP…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Alessandro Giacchetto , Reinier Kramer , Danilo Lewański , Adrien Sauvaget

Spin Hurwitz numbers are related to characters of the Sergeev group, which are the expansion coefficients of the Q Schur functions, depending on odd times and on a subset of all Young diagrams. These characters involve two dual subsets: the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-02 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , S. Natanzon

Goulden, Jackson and Vakil observed a polynomial structure underlying one-part double Hurwitz numbers, which enumerate branched covers of $\mathbb{CP}^1$ with prescribed ramification profile over $\infty$, a unique preimage over 0, and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-05-04 Norman Do , Danilo Lewański

We exhibit a generating function of spin Hurwitz numbers analogous to (disconnected) double Hurwitz numbers that is a tau function of the two-component BKP (2-BKP) hierarchy and is a square root of a tau function of the two-component KP…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-06-24 Junho Lee

A multiparametric family of 2D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type is shown to provide generating functions for composite, signed Hurwitz numbers that enumerate certain classes of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere and paths…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 J. Harnad , A. Yu. Orlov

Recently, Gunningham \cite{G} calculated all spin Hurwitz numbers in terms of combinatorics of Sergeev algebra. In this paper, we use a spin curve degeneration to obtain a recursion formula for degree three spin Hurwitz numbers.

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-09-18 Junho Lee

The Hurwitz space is a compactification of the space of rational functions of a given degree. We study the intersection of various strata of this space with its boundary. A study of the cohomology ring of the Hurwitz space then allows us to…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dimitri Zvonkine

Hurwitz theory provides a large variety of enumerative problems related to algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, and combinatorics. We give a general framework to approach the large genus asymptotics of Hurwitz theory using only…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Davide Accadia , Danilo Lewański , Giulio Ruzza

Hurwitz numbers count covers of curves satisfying fixed ramification data. Via monodromy representation, this counting problem can be transformed to a problem of counting factorizations in the symmetric group. This and other beautiful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Marvin Anas Hahn , Hannah Markwig

Weighted Hurwitz numbers arise as coefficients in the power sum expansion of deformed hypergeometric $\tau$--functions. They specialise to essentially all known cases of Hurwitz numbers, including classical, monotone, strictly monotone and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Marvin Anas Hahn , Brian O'Callaghan , Jonas Wahl

We propose a generalization of the Witten conjecture, which connects a descendent enumerative theory with a specific reduction of KP integrable hierarchy. Our conjecture is realized by two parts: Part I (Geometry) establishes a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Shuai Guo , Ce Ji , Qingsheng Zhang

Classical Hurwitz numbers count branched covers of the Riemann sphere with prescribed ramification data, or equivalently, factorisations in the symmetric group with prescribed cycle structure data. Monotone Hurwitz numbers restrict the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-08-19 Norman Do , Alastair Dyer , Daniel V. Mathews

Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched morphisms between Riemannn surfaces with fixed numerical data. They represent important objects in enumerative geometry that are accessible by combinatorial techniques. In the past decade, many variants of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Sean Gearoid Fitzgerald , Marvin Anas Hahn , Síofra Kelly