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Interpretability is an important area of research for safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular type of interpretability method attributes model decisions to input features. Despite active development, quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mengjiao Yang , Been Kim

We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

The study of neural networks from the perspective of Fourier features has garnered significant attention. While existing analytical research suggests that neural networks tend to learn low-frequency features, a clear attribution method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zechen Liu , Feiyang Zhang , Wei Song , Xiang Li , Wei Wei

We show that utilizing attribution maps for training neural networks can improve regularization of models and thus increase performance. Regularization is key in deep learning, especially when training complex models on relatively small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Christian Tomani , Daniel Cremers

Feature attribution methods, which explain an individual prediction made by a model as a sum of attributions for each input feature, are an essential tool for understanding the behavior of complex deep learning models. However, ensuring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ethan Weinberger , Joseph Janizek , Su-In Lee

Attention Mechanism is a widely used method for improving the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on computer vision tasks. Despite its pervasiveness, we have a poor understanding of what its effectiveness stems from. It is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Xiang Ye , Zihang He , Heng Wang , Yong Li

Feature attribution methods are a popular approach to explain the behavior of machine learning models. They assign importance scores to each input feature, quantifying their influence on the model's prediction. However, evaluating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Damien Garreau

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success, yet their wide adoption is often hindered by their opaque decision-making. To address this, attribution methods have been proposed to assign relevance values to each part of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Danielle Cohen , Hila Chefer , Lior Wolf

Facial Attribute Classification (FAC) has attracted increasing attention in computer vision and pattern recognition. However, state-of-the-art FAC methods perform face detection/alignment and FAC independently. The inherent dependencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Longbiao Mao , Yan Yan , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang

Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNNs) are often regarded as simple and intuitive architectures, yet they serve as the foundation for more complex models. Nonetheless, the lack of consensus on their interpretability continues to pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Thodoris Lymperopoulos , Denia Kanellopoulou

We introduce a deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture to classify facial attributes and recognize face images simultaneously via a shared learning paradigm to improve the accuracy for facial attribute prediction and face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Mohammad Rasool Izadi

The limited transparency of the inner decision-making mechanism in deep neural networks (DNN) and other machine learning (ML) models has hindered their application in several domains. In order to tackle this issue, feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Dong Qin , George Amariucai , Daji Qiao , Yong Guan , Shen Fu

We investigate the problem of explainability for machine learning models, focusing on Feature Attribution Methods (FAMs) that evaluate feature importance through perturbation tests. Despite their utility, FAMs struggle to distinguish the…

Attributing the output of a neural network to the contribution of given input elements is a way of shedding light on the black-box nature of neural networks. Due to the complexity of current network architectures, current gradient-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Ashkan Khakzar , Soroosh Baselizadeh , Saurabh Khanduja , Christian Rupprecht , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

This work explores the novel idea of learning a submodular scoring function to improve the specificity/selectivity of existing feature attribution methods. Submodular scores are natural for attribution as they are known to accurately model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Piyushi Manupriya , Tarun Ram Menta , J. Saketha Nath , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

We address the challenging problem of deep representation learning--the efficient adaption of a pre-trained deep network to different tasks. Specifically, we propose to explore gradient-based features. These features are gradients of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Fangzhou Mu , Yingyu Liang , Yin Li

Attribution explanation is a typical approach for explaining deep neural networks (DNNs), inferring an importance or contribution score for each input variable to the final output. In recent years, numerous attribution methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Huiqi Deng , Hongbin Pei , Quanshi Zhang , Mengnan Du

Existing image recognition techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) basically assume that the training and test datasets are sampled from i.i.d distributions. However, this assumption is easily broken in the real world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Recent research has demonstrated that feature attribution methods for deep networks can themselves be incorporated into training; these attribution priors optimize for a model whose attributions have certain desirable properties -- most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Gabriel Erion , Joseph D. Janizek , Pascal Sturmfels , Scott Lundberg , Su-In Lee

This paper studies the robustness of feature attribution methods for deep neural networks. It challenges the current notion of attributional robustness that largely ignores the difference in the model's outputs and introduces a new way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Panagiota Kiourti , Anu Singh , Preeti Duraipandian , Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li