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We investigate the mechanisms that arise when transformers are trained to solve arithmetic on sequences where tokens are variables whose meaning is determined only through their interactions in-context. While prior work has studied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Todd , Jannik Brinkmann , Rohit Gandikota , David Bau

We propose a variant of the CCS process algebra with new features aiming at allowing multiscale modelling of biological systems. In the usual semantics of process algebras for modelling biological systems actions are instantaneous. When…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-11-03 Roberto Barbuti , Giulio Caravagna , Paolo Milazzo , Andrea Maggiolo-Schettini , Simone Tini

The article is devoted to the issues of using discrete simulation models for modeling some basic technological processes. In the scientific work, models in the form of multi-agent systems have been investigated, which allow us to consider a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Sergey Petrovich Bobkov , Irina Aleksandrovna Astrakhantseva

Role-playing has garnered rising attention as it provides a strong foundation for human-machine interaction and facilitates sociological research. However, current work is confined to textual modalities, neglecting speech, which plays a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xi Chen , Wei Xue , Yike Guo

Algebraic effect handlers is a programming paradigm where programmers can declare their own syntactic operations, and modularly define the semantics of these using effect handlers. However, we cannot directly define algebraic effect…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Cas van der Rest , Jaro Reinders , Casper Bach Poulsen

This survey explores the burgeoning field of role-playing with language models, focusing on their development from early persona-based models to advanced character-driven simulations facilitated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Initially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Nuo Chen , Yan Wang , Yang Deng , Jia Li

We present a simple game model where agents with different memory lengths compete for finite resources. We show by simulation and analytically that an instability exists at a critical memory length, and as a result, different memory lengths…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-12 James Burridge , Yu Gao , Yong Mao

An interaction system has a finite set of agents that interact pairwise, depending on the current state of the system. Symmetric decomposition of the matrix of interaction coefficients yields the representation of states by self-adjoint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ulrich Faigle , Michel Grabisch

Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Coalgebras for analytic functors uniformly model graph-like systems where the successors of a state may admit certain symmetries. Examples of successor structure include ordered tuples, cyclic lists and multisets. Motivated by goals in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

Training and education in human-centered fields require authentic practice, yet realistic simulations of human behavior have remained limited. We present a multi-agent psychological simulation system that models internal cognitive-affective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xiangen Hu , Jiarui Tong , Sheng Xu

A generic property of biological, social and economical networks is their ability to evolve in time, creating and suppressing interactions. We approach this issue within the framework of an adaptive network of agents playing a Prisoner's…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-10-20 Martin G. Zimmermann , Victor M. Eguiluz , Maxi San Miguel

As computation spreads from computers to networks of computers, and migrates into cyberspace, it ceases to be globally programmable, but it remains programmable indirectly: network computations cannot be controlled, but they can be steered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-30 Dusko Pavlovic , Catherine Meadows

AI agents have become increasingly adept at complex tasks such as coding, reasoning, and multimodal understanding. However, building generalist systems requires moving beyond individual agents to collective inference -- a paradigm where…

Agent-based modeling is a paradigm of modeling dynamic systems of interacting agents that are individually governed by specified behavioral rules. Training a model of such agents to produce an emergent behavior by specification of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Karan K. Budhraja , Hang Gao , Tim Oates

Business process simulation (BPS) is a versatile technique for estimating process performance across various scenarios. Traditionally, BPS approaches employ a control-flow-first perspective by enriching a process model with simulation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Lukas Kirchdorfer , Robert Blümel , Timotheus Kampik , Han van der Aa , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Concurrent computations resemble conversations. In a conversation, participants direct utterances at others and, as the conversation evolves, exploit the known common context to advance the conversation. Similarly, collaborating software…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tony Garnock-Jones

Reactive programming is a programming paradigm whereby programs are internally represented by a dependency graph, which is used to automatically (re)compute parts of a program whenever its input changes. In practice reactive programming can…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Sam Van den Vonder , Thierry Renaux , Bjarno Oeyen , Joeri De Koster , Wolfgang De Meuter

With distributed computing and mobile applications becoming ever more prevalent, synchronizing diverging replicas of the same data is a common problem. Reconciliation -- bringing two replicas of the same data structure as close as possible…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Elod P. Csirmaz , Laszlo Csirmaz

A network model of manufacturing system is considered. This is a network formation game where players are participants of a production process and their actions are their's requests for interaction. Production networks are formed as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-05 O. A. Malafeyev , A. P. Parfenov