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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promising accuracy in a wide range of applications. Among all layers in CNNs, convolution layers are the most computation-intensive and consume the most energy. As the maturity of device and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sho Ko , Yun Joon Soh , Jishen Zhao

Ti-based two-dimensional transition-metal carbides (MXenes) have attracted attention due to their superior properties and are being explored across various applications1,2. Despite their versatile properties, superconductivity has never…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials can have an excellent capability to handle high rates of charge in ion batteries since metal ions need not diffuse in a 3D lattice structure. However graphene, which is the most important 2D material, is known…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-01-03 Dequan Er , Junwen Li , Michael Naguib , Michel Barsoum , Yury Gogotsi , Vivek B. Shenoy

Deep learning hardware designs have been bottlenecked by conventional memories such as SRAM due to density, leakage and parallel computing challenges. Resistive devices can address the density and volatility issues, but have been limited by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Shihui Yin , Xiaoyu Sun , Shimeng Yu , Jae-sun Seo

Memory has always been a building block element for information technology. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the internet of things, etc., require a novel kind of memory technology that can be energy…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-05-12 Anurag Pritam , Ritu Gupta , Prakash Chandra Mondal

Resistive memories (RRAM) are promising candidates for replacing present nonvolatile memories and realizing storage class memories; hence resistance switching devices are of particular interest. These devices are typically memristive, with…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 N Vasileiadis , P Loukas , A Mavropoulis , P Normand , I Karafyllidis , G Ch Sirakoulis , P Dimitrakis

In the past two decades another transistor based on conducting polymers, called the organic electrochemical transistor (ECT) was shown and largely studied. The main difference between organic ECTs and FETs is the mode and extent of channel…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-01-18 Jyoti Shakya , Min-A Kang , Jian Li , Armin VahidMohammadi , Weiqian Tian , Erica Zeglio , Mahiar Max Hamedi

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are poised to revolutionize current solid-state technology with their extraordinary properties. Yet, the primary challenge remains their scalable production. While there have been significant advancements,…

Resistance switching random access memory (ReRAM), with the ability to repeatedly modulate electrical resistance, has been highlighted as a feasible high-density memory with the potential to replace negative-AND (NAND) flash memory. Such…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Yang Lu , Jung Ho Yoon , Yanhao Dong , I-Wei Chen

Large-scale integration of emerging nanoscale non-volatile memory devices, e.g. resistive random-access memory (RRAM), can enable a new generation of neuromorphic computers that can solve a wide range of machine learning problems. Such…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Xinyu Wu , Vishal Saxena

Functional oxides based resistive memories are recognized as potential candidate for the next-generation high density data storage and neuromorphic applications. Fundamental understanding of the compositional changes in the functional…

Two-dimensional carbides and nitrides of transition metals, known as MXenes, are a fast-growing family of 2D materials that draw attention as energy storage materials. So far, MXenes are mainly prepared from Al-containing MAX phases (where…

MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides that display extraordinary electrical, optical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. There is a perception that MXenes are unstable and degrade quickly, limiting…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Asaph Lee , Mikhail Shekhirev , Mark Anayee , Yury Gogotsi

Artificial neural networks have become ubiquitous in modern life, which has triggered the emergence of a new class of application specific integrated circuits for their acceleration. ReRAM-based accelerators have gained significant traction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Jason K. Eshraghian , Sung-Mo Kang , Seungbum Baek , Garrick Orchard , Herbert Ho-Ching Iu , Wen Lei

MXenes are two-dimensional materials with a rich set of remarkable chemical and electromagnetic properties, the latter including saturable absorption and intense surface plasmon resonances. To fully harness the functionality of MXenes for…

Designing lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models is an active research area in edge AI. Compute-in-memory (CIM) provides a new computing paradigm to alleviate time and energy consumption caused by data transfer in von Neumann…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenyong Zhou , Yuan Ren , Jiajun Zhou , Tianshu Hou , Ngai Wong

The non-Markov processes widely exist in thermodymanic processes, while it usually requires packing of many transistors and memories with great system complexity in traditional device architecture to minic such functions. Two-dimensional…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Rongjie Zhang , Wenjun Chen , Changjiu Teng , Wugang Liao , Bilu Liu , Hui-Ming Cheng

MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal compounds, have emerged as promising materials due to their unique electronic properties and tunable surface chemistry. However, the translation of these nanoscale properties into macroscopic devices…

Aside from recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) models, specialized AI hardware is crucial to address large volumes of unstructured and dynamic data. Hardware-based AI, built on conventional complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor…