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Deep learning has become a pivotal technology in fields such as computer vision, scientific computing, and dynamical systems, significantly advancing these disciplines. However, neural Networks persistently face challenges related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongshuai Liu , Lianfang Wang , Kuilin Qin , Qinghua Zhang , Faqiang Wang , Li Cui , Jun Liu , Yuping Duan , Tieyong Zeng

Neural networks have gained much interest because of their effectiveness in many applications. However, their mathematical properties are generally not well understood. If there is some underlying geometric structure inherent to the data or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Elena Celledoni , Davide Murari , Brynjulf Owren , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Ferdia Sherry

We propose a new approach to learning the subgrid-scale model when simulating partial differential equations (PDEs) solved by the method of lines and their representation in chaotic ordinary differential equations, based on neural ordinary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Shinhoo Kang , Emil M. Constantinescu

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) represent a significant advancement at the intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems, offering a continuous-time analog to discrete neural networks. Despite their promise, deploying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Matteo Caldana , Jan S. Hesthaven

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) are the continuous analog of Residual Neural Networks (ResNets). We investigate whether the discrete dynamics defined by a ResNet are close to the continuous one of a Neural ODE. We first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Michael E. Sander , Pierre Ablin , Gabriel Peyré

Many physical processes such as weather phenomena or fluid mechanics are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Modelling such dynamical systems using Neural Networks is an active research field. However, current methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Andrzej Dulny , Andreas Hotho , Anna Krause

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) have garnered significant attention for their design of continuous-depth neural networks and the ability to learn data/feature dynamics. However, for high-dimensional systems, estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Muhao Guo , Haoran Li , Yang Weng

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) are a novel neural architecture, built around initial value problems with learned dynamics which are solved during inference. Thought to be inherently more robust against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Mustafa Zeqiri , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Uncertainty and delayed reactions in human driving behavior lead to stop-and-go traffic congestion on freeways. The freeway traffic dynamics are governed by the Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) traffic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) models with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Kaijing Lv , Junmin Wang , Yihuai Zhang , Huan Yu

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) use a neural network to model the instantaneous rate of change in the state of a system. However, despite their apparent suitability for dynamics-governed time-series, NODEs present a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Alexander Norcliffe , Cristian Bodnar , Ben Day , Jacob Moss , Pietro Liò

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) as used in machine learning are commonly formulated in discrete time, i.e. as recursive maps. This brings a lot of advantages for training models on data, e.g. for the purpose of time series prediction or…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Zahra Monfared , Daniel Durstewitz

Steering a system towards a desired target in a very short amount of time is challenging from a computational standpoint. Indeed, the intrinsically iterative nature of optimal control problems requires multiple simulations of the physical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Matteo Tomasetto , Andrea Manzoni , Francesco Braghin

The neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework has emerged as a powerful tool for developing accelerated surrogate models of complex physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach for PDE…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-26 Ashish S. Nair , Shivam Barwey , Pinaki Pal , Jonathan F. MacArt , Troy Arcomano , Romit Maulik

Neural controlled differential equations (CDEs) are the continuous-time analogue of recurrent neural networks, as Neural ODEs are to residual networks, and offer a memory-efficient continuous-time way to model functions of potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 James Morrill , Cristopher Salvi , Patrick Kidger , James Foster , Terry Lyons

We consider the controllability problem for the continuity equation, corresponding to neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which describes how a probability measure is pushedforward by the flow. We show that the controlled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-20 Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Bahman Gharesifard , Andrea Bertozzi , Stanley Osher

We consider recent work of Haber and Ruthotto 2017 and Chang et al. 2018, where deep learning neural networks have been interpreted as discretisations of an optimal control problem subject to an ordinary differential equation constraint. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Martin Benning , Elena Celledoni , Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Brynjulf Owren , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), via their induced flow maps, provide a powerful framework to parameterize invertible transformations for the purpose of representing complex probability distributions. While such models have achieved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Sven Wang , Jakob Zech

Neural Controlled Differential Equations (NCDEs) are a state-of-the-art tool for supervised learning with irregularly sampled time series (Kidger, 2020). However, no theoretical analysis of their performance has been provided yet, and it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-03 Linus Bleistein , Agathe Guilloux

The conjoining of dynamical systems and deep learning has become a topic of great interest. In particular, neural differential equations (NDEs) demonstrate that neural networks and differential equation are two sides of the same coin.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Patrick Kidger

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) are a promising approach to learn dynamic models from time-series data in science and engineering applications. This work aims at learning Neural ODE for stiff systems, which are usually raised…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Suyong Kim , Weiqi Ji , Sili Deng , Yingbo Ma , Christopher Rackauckas