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As artificial intelligence and machine learning tools become more accessible, and scientists face new obstacles to data collection (e.g. rising costs, declining survey response rates), researchers increasingly use predictions from…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Kentaro Hoffman , Stephen Salerno , Awan Afiaz , Jeffrey T. Leek , Tyler H. McCormick

As AI systems demonstrate increasingly strong predictive performance, their adoption has grown in numerous domains. However, in high-stakes domains such as criminal justice and healthcare, full automation is often not desirable due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Vivian Lai , Chacha Chen , Q. Vera Liao , Alison Smith-Renner , Chenhao Tan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical…

Life and physical sciences have always been quick to adopt the latest advances in machine learning to accelerate scientific discovery. Examples of this are cell segmentation or cancer detection. Nevertheless, these exceptional results are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Juan Manuel Parrilla-Gutierrez

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the name popularly given to a broad spectrum of computer tools designed to perform increasingly complex cognitive tasks, including many that used to solely be the province of humans. As these tools become…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Tanya Klowden , Terence Tao

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into judicial decision-making, particularly in pretrial, sentencing, and parole contexts, has generated substantial concerns about transparency, reliability, and accountability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Arthur Dyevre , Ahmad Shahvaroughi

Artificial Expert Intelligence (AEI) seeks to transcend the limitations of both Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and narrow AI by integrating domain-specific expertise with critical, precise reasoning capabilities akin to those of top…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua , Gal Beniamini , Yoav Levine , Or Sharir , Noam Wies , Ido Ben-Shaul , Tomer Nussbaum , Shir Granot Peled

The rapid adoption of generative AI tools is reshaping how scholars produce and communicate knowledge, raising questions about who benefits and who is left behind. We analyze over 230,000 Scopus-indexed computer science articles between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Farhan Kamrul Khan , Hazem Ibrahim , Nouar Aldahoul , Talal Rahwan , Yasir Zaki

Discovering new medicines is the hallmark of human endeavor to live a better and longer life. Yet the pace of discovery has slowed down as we need to venture into more wildly unexplored biomedical space to find one that matches today's high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Tri Minh Nguyen , Thin Nguyen , Truyen Tran

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping scientific discovery, evolving from specialized computational tools into autonomous research partners. We position Agentic Science as a pivotal stage within the broader AI for Science paradigm,…

Can artificial intelligence truly contribute to creative mathematical research, or does it merely automate routine calculations while introducing risks of error? We provide empirical evidence through a detailed case study: the discovery of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tan Bui-Thanh

We study how artificial intelligence (AI) affects firms' incentives to pursue incremental versus radical knowledge recombinations. We develop a model of recombinant innovation embedded in a Schumpeterian quality-ladder framework, in which…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-03 Emanuele Bazzichi , Massimo Riccaboni , Fulvio Castellacci

People's decision-making abilities often fail to improve or may even erode when they rely on AI for decision-support, even when the AI provides informative explanations. We argue this is partly because people intuitively seek contrastive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zana Buçinca , Siddharth Swaroop , Amanda E. Paluch , Finale Doshi-Velez , Krzysztof Z. Gajos

How can we use generative AI to design tools that augment rather than replace human cognition? In this position paper, we review our own research on AI-assisted decision-making for lessons to learn. We observe that in both AI-assisted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Zelun Tony Zhang , Leon Reicherts

High-stakes prediction tasks (e.g., patient diagnosis) are often handled by trained human experts. A common source of concern about automation in these settings is that experts may exercise intuition that is difficult to model and/or have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-26 Rohan Alur , Loren Laine , Darrick K. Li , Manish Raghavan , Devavrat Shah , Dennis Shung

Accelerated material discovery increasingly relies on artificial intelligence and machine learning, collectively termed "AI/ML". A key challenge in using AI is ensuring that human scientists trust the models are valid and reliable.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-02 Benhour Amirian , Ashley S. Dale , Sergei Kalinin , Jason Hattrick-Simpers

Analysing historical patterns of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption can inform decisions about AI capability uplift, but research to date has provided a limited view of AI adoption across various fields of research. In this study we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Stefan Hajkowicz , Conrad Sanderson , Sarvnaz Karimi , Alexandra Bratanova , Claire Naughtin

In the past, the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics relied heavily on trial-and-error experimentation and extensive in vivo testing, often requiring years of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Today, artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Elhoucine Elfatimi , Yassir Lekbach , Swayam Prakash , Lbachir BenMohamed

Biology is at the precipice of a new era where AI accelerates and amplifies the ability to study how cells operate, organize, and work as systems, revealing why disease happens and how to correct it. Organizations globally are prioritizing…

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have achieved human-scale speed and accuracy for classification tasks. In turn, these capabilities have made AI a viable replacement for many human activities that at their core involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hadi Esmaeilzadeh , Reza Vaezi