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Dropout is a widely used regularization technique in deep learning, but its effects are typically realized through stochastic masking rather than explicit optimization objectives. We propose a deterministic formulation that expresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Vidhi Agrawal , Illia Oleksiienko , Alexandros Iosifidis

Originally, dropout was seen as a breakthrough regularization technique that reduced overfitting and improved performance in almost all applications of deep learning by reducing overfitting. Yet, single-epoch pretraining tasks common to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Houjun Liu , John Bauer , Christopher D. Manning

In convolutional neural network (CNN), dropout cannot work well because dropped information is not entirely obscured in convolutional layers where features are correlated spatially. Except randomly discarding regions or channels, many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Tianshu Xie , Minghui Liu , Jiali Deng , Xuan Cheng , Xiaomin Wang , Ming Liu

Transformer has become ubiquitous due to its dominant performance in various NLP and image processing tasks. However, it lacks understanding of how to generate mathematically grounded uncertainty estimates for transformer architectures.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Sinong Wang , Han Fang

Deep learning has led to a dramatic leap on Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) performances in recent years. %Despite the substantial advancement% While most existing work assumes a simple and fixed degradation model (e.g., bicubic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Hongjun Wang , Jiyuan Chen , Yinqiang Zheng , Tieyong Zeng

Dropout is used to avoid overfitting by randomly dropping units from the neural networks during training. Inspired by dropout, this paper presents GI-Dropout, a novel dropout method integrating with global information to improve neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Hengru Xu , Shen Li , Renfen Hu , Si Li , Sheng Gao

As access to high-quality, domain-specific data grows increasingly scarce, multi-epoch training has become a practical strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs). However, autoregressive models often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiapeng Wang , Yiwen Hu , Yanzipeng Gao , Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Hongyu Lu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junyi Li , Xiao Zhang

Dropout is a popular technique for regularizing artificial neural networks. Dropout networks are generally trained by minibatch gradient descent with a dropout mask turning off some of the units---a different pattern of dropout is applied…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Ben Graham , Jeremy Reizenstein , Leigh Robinson

This paper proposes a new regularization algorithm referred to as macro-block dropout. The overfitting issue has been a difficult problem in training large neural network models. The dropout technique has proven to be simple yet very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Chanwoo Kim , Sathish Indurti , Jinhwan Park , Wonyong Sung

Dropout is a common regularisation technique in deep learning that improves generalisation. Even though it introduces sparsity and thus potential for higher throughput, it usually cannot bring speed-ups on GPUs due to its unstructured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Andy Lo

MixUp is a computer vision data augmentation technique that uses convex interpolations of input data and their labels to enhance model generalization during training. However, the application of MixUp to the natural language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Wancong Zhang , Ieshan Vaidya

Using a large number of parameters , deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance on computer vison and natural language processing tasks. However the networks usually suffer from overfitting by using too much parameters.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Zhengsu Chen Jianwei Niu Qi Tian

In this work, we introduce Y-Drop, a regularization method that biases the dropout algorithm towards dropping more important neurons with higher probability. The backbone of our approach is neuron conductance, an interpretable measure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Efthymios Georgiou , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Alexandros Potamianos

Dropout is known as an effective way to reduce overfitting via preventing co-adaptations of units. In this paper, we theoretically prove that the co-adaptation problem still exists after using dropout due to the correlations among the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Shen Li , Chenhao Su , Renfen Hu , Zhengdong Lu

Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Due to lack of data, overfitting ubiquitously exists in real-world applications of deep neural networks (DNNs). We propose advanced dropout, a model-free methodology, to mitigate overfitting and improve the performance of DNNs. The advanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Jiyang Xie , Zhanyu Ma , and Jianjun Lei , Guoqiang Zhang , Jing-Hao Xue , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jun Guo

With the remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as essential elements in numerous NLP applications, while parameter-efficient finetuning, especially LoRA, has gained popularity as a lightweight approach for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sheng Wang , Liheng Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Boyang Xue , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

The big breakthrough on the ImageNet challenge in 2012 was partially due to the `dropout' technique used to avoid overfitting. Here, we introduce a new approach called `Spectral Dropout' to improve the generalization ability of deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fatih Porikli

Transformer-based models generally allocate the same amount of computation for each token in a given sequence. We develop a simple but effective "token dropping" method to accelerate the pretraining of transformer models, such as BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Le Hou , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Tianyi Zhou , Yuexin Wu , Xinying Song , Xiaodan Song , Denny Zhou

Many tasks in natural language understanding require learning relationships between two sequences for various tasks such as natural language inference, paraphrasing and entailment. These aforementioned tasks are similar in nature, yet they…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-18 James O' Neill , Danushka Bollegala