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We consider directed graph algorithms in a streaming setting, focusing on problems concerning orderings of the vertices. This includes such fundamental problems as topological sorting and acyclicity testing. We also study the related…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Amit Chakrabarti , Prantar Ghosh , Andrew McGregor , Sofya Vorotnikova

We revisit Approximate Graph Propagation (AGP), a unified framework which captures various graph propagation tasks, such as PageRank, feature propagation in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhuowei Zhao , Zhuo Zhang , Hanzhi Wang , Junhao Gan , Zhifeng Bao , Jianzhong Qi

Histograms, i.e., piece-wise constant approximations, are a popular tool used to represent data distributions. Traditionally, the difference between the histogram and the underlying distribution (i.e., the approximation error) is measured…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Justin Y. Chen , Piotr Indyk , Tal Wagner

Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of streaming algorithms for analyzing massive graphs. Unfortunately, many results have been negative, establishing that a wide variety of problems require $\Omega(n^2)$ space to solve.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Justin Thaler

We present a deterministic $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximate maximum matching algorithm in $\mathsf{poly} 1/\varepsilon$ passes in the semi-streaming model, solving the long-standing open problem of breaking the exponential barrier in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Manuela Fischer , Slobodan Mitrović , Jara Uitto

We study two-pass streaming algorithms for Maximum Bipartite Matching (MBM). All known two-pass streaming algorithms for MBM operate in a similar fashion: They compute a maximal matching in the first pass and find 3-augmenting paths in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Christian Konrad , Kheeran K. Naidu

In a directed graph $G$ with non-correlated edge lengths and costs, the \emph{network design problem with bounded distances} asks for a cost-minimal spanning subgraph subject to a length bound for all node pairs. We give a bi-criteria…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Markus Chimani , Joachim Spoerhase

This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the weight of a maximum weighted matching by augmenting any estimation routine for the size of an unweighted matching. The algorithm is implementable in any streaming model including dynamic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Marc Bury , Chris Schwiegelshohn

Graph coloring is a fundamental problem in computer science. In the semi-streaming model, an input graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and maximum degree $\Delta$ is presented as a stream of edges, and the goal is to compute a vertex coloring using a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiri Chechik , Hongyi Chen , Tianyi Zhang

The network coding problem asks whether data throughput in a network can be increased using coding (compared to treating bits as commodities in a flow). While it is well-known that a network coding advantage exists in directed graphs, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mark Braverman , Zhongtian He

In this paper, we study streaming algorithms that minimize the number of changes made to their internal state (i.e., memory contents). While the design of streaming algorithms typically focuses on minimizing space and update time, these…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Kolla and Tulsiani [KT07,Kolla11} and Arora, Barak and Steurer [ABS10] introduced the technique of subspace enumeration, which gives approximation algorithms for graph problems such as unique games and small set expansion; the running time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Shayan Oveis Gharan , Luca Trevisan

We show a dichotomy result for $p$-pass streaming algorithms for all CSPs and for up to polynomially many passes. More precisely, we prove that for any arity parameter $k$, finite alphabet $\Sigma$, collection $\mathcal{F}$ of $k$-ary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yumou Fei , Dor Minzer , Shuo Wang

We optimally resolve the space complexity for the problem of finding an $\alpha$-approximate minimum vertex cover ($\alpha$MVC) in dynamic graph streams. We give a randomised algorithm for $\alpha$MVC which uses $O(n^2/\alpha^2)$ bits of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Kheeran K. Naidu , Vihan Shah

The distinct elements problem is one of the fundamental problems in streaming algorithms --- given a stream of integers in the range $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, we wish to provide a $(1+\varepsilon)$ approximation to the number of distinct elements…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Jarosław Błasiok

We introduce a novel measure for quantifying the error in input predictions. The error is based on a minimum-cost hyperedge cover in a suitably defined hypergraph and provides a general template which we apply to online graph problems. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Giulia Bernardini , Alexander Lindermayr , Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela , Nicole Megow , Leen Stougie , Michelle Sweering

We identify a sharp separation in the streaming space complexity of Maximum Cut when the algorithm must output an approximate cut (rather than only the approximate value). For dense graphs, we show that $O(n/\varepsilon^2)$ space is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang P. Liu , Hoai-An Nguyen , Noah G. Singer , David P. Woodruff

The problem of (approximately) counting the number of triangles in a graph is one of the basic problems in graph theory. In this paper we study the problem in the streaming model. We study the amount of memory required by a randomized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Vladimir Braverman , Rafail Ostrovsky , Dan Vilenchik

In this paper, we focus on lower bounds and algorithms for some basic geometric problems in the one-pass (insertion only) streaming model. The problems considered are grouped into three categories: (i) Klee's measure (ii) Convex body…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Arijit Bishnu , Arijit Ghosh , Gopinath Mishra , Sandeep Sen

The Bandwidth Problem seeks for a simultaneous permutation of the rows and columns of the adjacency matrix of a graph such that all nonzero entries are as close as possible to the main diagonal. This work focuses on investigating novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Franz Rendl , Renata Sotirov , Christian Truden