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Interview chatbots engage users in a text-based conversation to draw out their views and opinions. It is, however, challenging to build effective interview chatbots that can handle user free-text responses to open-ended questions and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Ziang Xiao , Michelle X. Zhou , Wenxi Chen , Huahai Yang , Changyan Chi

The rise of increasingly more powerful chatbots offers a new way to collect information through conversational surveys, where a chatbot asks open-ended questions, interprets a user's free-text responses, and probes answers whenever needed.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ziang Xiao , Michelle X. Zhou , Q. Vera Liao , Gloria Mark , Changyan Chi , Wenxi Chen , Huahai Yang

In this paper, we explore the problem of developing personalized chatbots. A personalized chatbot is designed as a digital chatting assistant for a user. The key characteristic of a personalized chatbot is that it should have a consistent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Hongjin Qian , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Yueyuan Ma , Ji-Rong Wen

Each day, individuals set behavioral goals such as eating healthier, exercising regularly, or increasing productivity. While psychological frameworks (i.e., goal setting and implementation intentions) can be helpful, they often need…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michel Schimpf , Sebastian Maier , Anton Wyrowski , Lara Christoforakos , Stefan Feuerriegel , Thomas Bohné

A chatbot's personality design is key to interaction quality. As chatbots evolved from rule-based systems to those powered by large language models (LLMs), evaluating the effectiveness of their personality design has become increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Huiqi Zou , Pengda Wang , Zihan Yan , Tianjun Sun , Ziang Xiao

Personalized chatbots focus on endowing chatbots with a consistent personality to behave like real users, give more informative responses, and further act as personal assistants. Existing personalized approaches tried to incorporate several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Zhengyi Ma , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Hanxun Zhong , Ji-Rong Wen

The conversational nature of chatbots poses challenges to designers since their development is different from other software and requires investigating new practices in the context of human-AI interaction and their impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Geovana Ramos Sousa Silva , Edna Dias Canedo

Endowing a chatbot with personality or an identity is quite challenging but critical to deliver more realistic and natural conversations. In this paper, we address the issue of generating responses that are coherent to a pre-specified agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Qiao Qian , Minlie Huang , Haizhou Zhao , Jingfang Xu , Xiaoyan Zhu

Chatbots are one class of intelligent, conversational software agents activated by natural language input (which can be in the form of text, voice, or both). They provide conversational output in response, and if commanded, can sometimes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Nicole M. Radziwill , Morgan C. Benton

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Biplav Srivastava , Francesca Rossi , Sheema Usmani , and Mariana Bernagozzi

Driven by ongoing improvements in machine learning, chatbots have increasingly grown from experimental interface prototypes to reliable and robust tools for process automation. Building on these advances, companies have identified various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessandro Casadei , Stephan Schlögl , Markus Bergmann

Publicly deploying research chatbots is a nuanced topic involving necessary risk-benefit analyses. While there have recently been frequent discussions on whether it is responsible to deploy such models, there has been far less focus on the…

Intelligent conversational agents, or chatbots, can take on various identities and are increasingly engaging in more human-centered conversations with persuasive goals. However, little is known about how identities and inquiry strategies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Weiyan Shi , Xuewei Wang , Yoo Jung Oh , Jingwen Zhang , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

The communication of potential students with a university department is performed manually and it is a very time consuming procedure. The opportunity to communicate with on a one-to-one basis is highly valued. However with many hundreds of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-08-29 Nikolaos Polatidis

Conversational agents or chatbots are widely investigated and used across different fields including healthcare, education, and marketing. Still, the development of chatbots for assisting secure coding practices is in its infancy. In this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Catherine Tony , Mohana Balasubramanian , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Riccardo Scandariato

In this paper, we outline the vision of chatbots that facilitate the interaction between citizens and policy-makers at the city scale. We report the results of a co-design session attended by more than 60 participants. We give an outlook of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Pavel Kucherbaev , Achilleas Psyllidis , Alessandro Bozzon

Chatbots' growing popularity has brought new challenges to HCI, having changed the patterns of human interactions with computers. The increasing need to approximate conversational interaction styles raises expectations for chatbots to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Ana Paula Chaves , Marco Aurelio Gerosa

Standardized surveys scale efficiently but sacrifice depth, while conversational interviews improve response quality at the cost of scalability and consistency. This study bridges the gap between these methods by introducing a framework for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Soubhik Barari , Jarret Angbazo , Natalie Wang , Leah M. Christian , Elizabeth Dean , Zoe Slowinski , Brandon Sepulvado

Conversational AI chatbots are transforming industries by streamlining customer service, automating transactions, and enhancing user engagement. However, evaluating these systems remains a challenge, particularly in financial services,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shailja Gupta , Rajesh Ranjan , Surya Narayan Singh

Surveys are a widespread method for collecting data at scale, but their rigid structure often limits the depth of qualitative insights obtained. While interviews naturally yield richer responses, they are challenging to conduct across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Rune M. Jacobsen , Samuel Rhys Cox , Carla F. Griggio , Niels van Berkel
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