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We study the security of a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol under the one-sided device-independent (1sDI) setting, which assumes trust in only one party's measurement device. This approach effectively provides a balance between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Pritam Roy , Subhankar Bera , A. S. Majumdar

The original two-way continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution (CV QKD) protocols [S. Pirandola, S. Mancini, S. Lloyd, and S. L. Braunstein, Nature Physics 4, 726 (2008)] give the security against the collective attack on the condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-16 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Yujie Shen , Hong Guo

This article provides the unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol based on 3-dimensional quantum states. By deriving a lower bound for the key rate, in the asymptotic scenario, as a function of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-08 Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Wenyuan Wang , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum cryptography has attracted much attention in recent years. In most existing quantum cryptographic protocols, players usually need the full quantum power of generating, manipulating or measuring quantum states. Semiquantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-12 Ming-Ming Wang , Lin-Ming Gong , Lian-He Shao

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to distribute secret keys in an insecure network. It thus represents the ultimate form of cryptography, offering not only information-theoretic…

Based on the idea that there is no side channel in the vacuum state, the side-channel-free quantum key distribution (SCFQKD) protocol was proposed, which is immune to all attacks in the source side-channel space and all attacks in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiao-Long Hu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols aim at allowing two parties to generate a secret shared key. While many QKD protocols have been proven unconditionally secure in theory, practical security analyses of experimental QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Nicolas Godbout , Rotem Liss , Stéphane Virally

In this paper, we propose a novel two-party semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol by only employing one kind of GHZ-like state. The proposed SQKD protocol can create a private key shared between one quantum party with unlimited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 Tian-Jie Xu , Tian-Yu Ye

To address growing cybersecurity challenges in modern power dispatch systems, this paper proposes a multi-layer modeling and optimization framework for SCADA systems enhanced with quantum key distribution (QKD). While most existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ziqing Zhu

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols enable two distant parties to communicate with information-theoretically proven secrecy. However, these protocols are generally vulnerable to potential mismatches between the physical modeling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Corentin Lanore , Xavier Valcarce , Jean Etesse , Anthony Martin , Jean-Daniel Bancal

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

This paper presents a practical solution to the problem of limited bandwidth in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)- secured communication through using rapidly rekeyed Internet Protocol security (IPsec) links. QKD is a cutting-edge security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Stefan Marksteiner , Benjamin Rainer , Oliver Maurhart

Pre-shared keys (PSK) have been widely used in network security. Nonetheless, existing PSK solutions are not scalable. Moreover, whenever a new user joins a network, PSK requires an existing user to get a new key before they are able to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jie Lin , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Jacob Johannsson , Mattia Montagna , Manfred von Willich

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution (LQKD) protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Mustapha Anis Younes , Sofia Zebboudj , Abdelhakim Gharbi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers the promise of absolutely secure communications. However, proofs of absolute security often assume perfect implementation from theory to experiment. Thus, existing systems may be prone to insidious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-23 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks by relocating all measurements to an untrusted intermediate node. However, its practical implementation critically relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 A. P. Pljonkin

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

There is a big gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) because real devices do not satisfy the assumptions required by the security proofs. Here, we close this gap by introducing a simple and practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Álvaro Navarrete , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki