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We analyze site percolation on directed and undirected graphs with site-dependent open-site probabilities. We construct upper bounds on cluster susceptibilities, vertex connectivity functions, and the expected number of simple open cycles…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Kathleen E. Hamilton , Leonid P. Pryadko

Analogous to the case of the binomial random graph $G(d+1,p)$, it is known that the behaviour of a random subgraph of a $d$-dimensional hypercube, where we include each edge independently with probability $p$, which we denote by $Q^d_p$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Joshua Erde , Mihyun Kang , Michael Krivelevich

We study a new geometric bootstrap percolation model, line percolation, on the $d$-dimensional integer grid $[n]^d$. In line percolation with infection parameter $r$, infection spreads from a subset $A\subset [n]^d$ of initially infected…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Jonathan Lee , Bhargav Narayanan

We propose a statistical model defined on the three-dimensional diamond network where the splitting of randomly selected nodes leads to a spatially disordered network, with decreasing degree of connectivity. The terminal state, that is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-10-16 Susan Nachtrab , Matthias J. F. Hoffmann , Sebastian C. Kapfer , Gerd E. Schroeder-Turk , Klaus Mecke

Real-world graphs, such as social networks, financial transactions, and recommendation systems, often demonstrate dynamic behavior. This phenomenon, known as graph stream, involves the dynamic changes of nodes and the emergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yanping Zheng , Zhewei Wei , Jiajun Liu

Given a graph $G$ and probability $p$, we form the random subgraph $G_p$ by retaining each edge of $G$ independently with probability $p$. Given $d\in\mathbb{N}$ and constants $0<c<1, \varepsilon>0$, we show that if every subset $S\subseteq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-17 Maurício Collares , Sahar Diskin , Joshua Erde , Michael Krivelevich

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

We consider a branching random walk on a multi($Q$)-type, supercritical Galton-Watson tree which satisfies Kesten-Stigum condition. We assume that the displacements associated with the particles of type $Q$ have regularly varying tails of…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Ayan Bhattacharya , Krishanu Maulik , Zbigniew Palmowski , Parthanil Roy

We examine the heterogeneous responses of individual nodes in sparse networks to the random removal of a fraction of edges. Using the message-passing formulation of percolation, we discover considerable variation across the network in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-13 Reimer Kuehn , Tim Rogers

A simple but powerful network model with $n$ nodes and $m$ partly overlapping layers is generated as an overlay of independent random graphs $G_1,\dots,G_m$ with variable sizes and densities. The model is parameterised by a joint…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Mindaugas Bloznelis , Lasse Leskelä

The stochastic block model is widely used to generate graphs with a community structure, but no simple alternative currently exists for hypergraphs, in which more than two nodes can be connected together through a hyperedge. We discuss here…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-15 Alexis Pister , Marc Barthelemy

We study the percolation properties of graph partitioning on random regular graphs with N vertices of degree $k$. Optimal graph partitioning is directly related to optimal attack and immunization of complex networks. We find that for any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-10-07 Gerald Paul , Reuven Cohen , Sameet Sreenivasan , Shlomo Havlin , H. Eugene Stanley

We consider first passage percolation on the Erd\H{o}s--R\'{e}nyi graph with $n$ vertices in which each pair of distinct vertices is connected independently by an edge with probability $\lambda/n$ for some $\lambda>1$. The edges of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Fraser Daly , Matthias Schulte , Seva Shneer

We consider directed random graphs, the prototype of which being the Barak-Erd\H{o}s graph $\vec G(\mathbb Z, p)$, and study the way that long (or heavy, if weights are present) paths grow. This is done by relating the graphs to certain…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Sergey Foss , Takis Konstantopoulos , Bastien Mallein , Sanjay Ramassamy

We study the random loop model with crosses and bars on sparse random graphs. Our main objective is to prove the existence of macroscopic loops, in the sense that a loop visits a positive proportion of the vertices. We develop a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Andreas Klippel

We consider general discrete-time multitype branching processes on a countable set $X$. According to these processes, a particle of type $x\in X$ generates a random number of children and chooses their type in $X$, not necessarily…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Daniela Bertacchi , Fabio Zucca

We consider the random directed graph $\vec{G}(n,p)$ with vertex set $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ in which each of the $n(n-1)$ possible directed edges is present independently with probability $p$. We are interested in the strongly connected…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Christina Goldschmidt , Robin Stephenson

The burning and forcing processes are both instances of propagation processes on graphs that are commonly used to model real-world spreading phenomena. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. We first establish a connection between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Aida Abiad , Pax Mallee

High-density (HD) percolation describes the percolation over specific $\kappa$ -clusters, which are the compact sets of sites each connected to $\kappa$ nearest filled sites at least. It takes place in the classical patterns of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-17 P. N. Timonin

In the Constrained-degree percolation model on a graph $(\mathbb{V},\mathbb{E})$ there are a sequence, $(U_e)_{e\in\mathbb{E}}$, of i.i.d. random variables with distribution $U[0,1]$ and a positive integer $k$. Each bond $e$ tries to open…