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Nowadays, web search becomes more and more popular all over the world. Many researchers and developers have done lots of studies on behaviors of search users. In practice, the full understanding of these behaviors can not only help to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Chao Liu , Zhenzhen Zheng , Jinkang Jia

This paper is a survey discussing Information Retrieval concepts, methods, and applications. It goes deep into the document and query modelling involved in IR systems, in addition to pre-processing operations such as removing stop words and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Youssef Bassil

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…

Across several branches of conversational interaction research including interactions with social robots, embodied agents, and conversational assistants, users have identified trust as a critical part of those interactions. Nevertheless,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Justin Edwards , Elaheh Sanoubari

Information exploration tasks are inherently complex, ill-structured, and involve sequences of actions usually spread over many sessions. When exploring a dataset, users tend to experiment higher degrees of uncertainty, mostly raised by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Thiago Nunes , Daniel Schwabe

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to recommend high-quality items to users through interactive conversations. Although several efforts have been made for CRS, two major issues still remain to be solved. First, the conversation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Shuqing Bian , Yuanhang Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen , Jingsong Yu

Existing conversational search studies mainly focused on asking better clarifying questions and/or improving search result quality. These works aim at retrieving better responses according to the search context, and their performances are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Zhenduo Wang , Zhichao Xu , Qingyao Ai

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) leverages real-time feedback from users to dynamically model their preferences, thereby enhancing the system's ability to provide personalized recommendations and improving the overall user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Conversational recommender systems offer the promise of interactive, engaging ways for users to find items they enjoy. We seek to improve conversational recommendation via three dimensions: 1) We aim to mimic a common mode of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Shuyang Li , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley

Relevance is generally understood as a multi-level and multi-dimensional relationship between an information need and an information object. However, traditional IR evaluation metrics naively assume mono-dimensionality. We ask: How to deal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Kal Jarvelin , Eero Sormunen

Effective customer support requires not only accurate problem solving but also structured and empathetic communication aligned with professional standards. However, existing dialogue datasets often lack strategic guidance, and real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jie Zhu , Huaixia Dou , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Chi Zhang , Fang Kong

This survey presents studies that investigated non-spatial (sequential) and spatial information retrieval systems in parallel during a battery of information-seeking tasks with respect to user navigational behaviors, incidental learning,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Michael Segundo Ortz

Conversational Product Search ( CPS ) systems interact with users via natural language to offer personalized and context-aware product lists. However, most existing research on CPS is limited to simulated conversations, due to the lack of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jie Zou , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Shuxi Han , Heli Ma , Zheng Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Conversational retrieval refers to an information retrieval system that operates in an iterative and interactive manner, requiring the retrieval of various external resources, such as persona, knowledge, and even response, to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Hongru Wang , Boyang Xue , Baohang Zhou , Rui Wang , Fei Mi , Weichao Wang , Yasheng Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Conversational search has been regarded as the next-generation search paradigm. Constrained by data scarcity, most existing methods distill the well-trained ad-hoc retriever to the conversational retriever. However, these methods, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Quan Tu , Shen Gao , Xiaolong Wu , Zhao Cao , Ji-Rong Wen , Rui Yan

The conversational nature of chatbots poses challenges to designers since their development is different from other software and requires investigating new practices in the context of human-AI interaction and their impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Geovana Ramos Sousa Silva , Edna Dias Canedo

Information retrieval (IR) and recommender systems (RS) have been employed for addressing search tasks executed during literature review and the overall scholarly communication lifecycle. Majority of the studies have concentrated on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Schubert Foo , Natalie Pang

Integrative Complexity (IC) is a psychometric that measures the ability of a person to recognize multiple perspectives and connect them, thus identifying paths for conflict resolution. IC has been linked to a wide variety of political,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Alexander Robertson , Luca Maria Aiello , Daniele Quercia

Conversational agents (CAs) are gaining traction in both industry and academia, especially with the advent of generative AI and large language models. As these agents are used more broadly by members of the general public and take on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Malak Sadek , Rafael A. Calvo , Celine Mougenot

Most previous work on Conversational Query Rewriting employs an end-to-end rewriting paradigm. However, this approach is hindered by the issue of multiple fuzzy expressions within the query, which complicates the simultaneous identification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhiyu Cao , Peifeng Li , Qiaoming Zhu