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The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Recently, operator quantum error-correcting codes have been proposed to unify and generalize decoherence free subspaces, noiseless subsystems, and quantum error-correcting codes. This note introduces a natural construction of such codes in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

Random Clifford circuits doped with non Clifford gates exhibit transitions to universal entanglement spectrum statistics[1] and quantum chaotic behavior. In [2] we proved that the injection of $O(n)$ non Clifford gates into a $n$-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Lorenzo Leone , Alioscia Hamma

A great deal of work has been done developing quantum codes with varying overhead and connectivity constraints. However, given the such an abundance of codes, there is a surprising shortage of fault-tolerant logical gates supported therein.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Simon Burton , Elijah Durso-Sabina , Natalie C. Brown

We evaluate the usefulness of holographic stabilizer codes for practical purposes by studying their allowed sets of fault-tolerantly implementable gates. We treat them as subsystem codes and show that the set of transversally implementable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Sam Cree , Kfir Dolev , Vladimir Calvera , Dominic J. Williamson

The non-local interactions in several quantum device architectures allow for the realization of more compact quantum encodings while retaining the same degree of protection against noise. Anticipating that short to medium-length codes will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Shubham P. Jain , Victor V. Albert

Hypergraph product codes are a class of quantum low density parity check (LDPC) codes discovered by Tillich and Z\'emor. These codes have a constant encoding rate and were recently shown to have a constant fault-tolerant error threshold.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Anirudh Krishna , David Poulin

In this paper we prove a collection of results on the structure of permutations in the Clifford Hierarchy. First, we leverage results from the cryptography literature on affine equivalence classes of 4-bit permutations which we use to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Jonas T. Anderson , Andrew Connelly

Topological color codes are widely acknowledged as promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Neither a two-dimensional nor a three-dimensional topology, however, can provide a universal gate set $\{$H, T, CNOT$\}$, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Friederike Butt , Sascha Heußen , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

With respect to the transversal gate group (an invariant of quantum codes), we demonstrate that non-additive codes can outperform stabilizer codes. We do this by constructing spin codes that correspond to permutation-invariant multiqubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Eric Kubischta , Ian Teixeira

We take initial steps towards a general framework for constructing logical gates in general quantum CSS codes. Viewing CSS codes as cochain complexes, we observe that cohomology invariants naturally give rise to diagonal logical gates. We…

We give a fault tolerant construction for error correction and computation using two punctured quantum Reed-Muller (PQRM) codes. In particular, we consider the $[[127,1,15]]$ self-dual doubly-even code that has transversal Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

In order to perform universal fault-tolerant quantum computation, one needs to implement a logical non-Clifford gate. Consequently, it is important to understand codes that implement such gates transversally. In this paper, we adopt an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Michael Newman , Henry D. Pfister

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require the use of efficient protocols to implement encoded operations necessary in the execution of algorithms. In this work, we show how solvers for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-11 Noah Shutty , Christopher Chamberland

We introduce rainbow codes, a novel class of quantum error correcting codes generalising colour codes and pin codes. Rainbow codes can be defined on any $D$-dimensional simplicial complex that admits a valid $(D + 1)$-colouring of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Thomas R. Scruby , Arthur Pesah , Mark Webster

We propose and simulate the performance of a set of fault-tolerant and constant-depth logical gates on 2D toric codes. This set combines fold-transversal gates, Dehn twists and single-shot logical Pauli measurements and generates the full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Alexandre Guernut , Christophe Vuillot

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

Topological quantum computing promises intrinsic fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in non-Abelian anyons, where quantum gates are implemented via braiding. While braiding operations are robust against local perturbations, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Themba Hodge , Philipp Frey , Stephan Rachel

Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes and color codes, are promising because quantum operations are realized by two-dimensionally (2D) arrayed quantum bits (qubits). However, physical wiring of electrodes to qubits is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-06 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Hayato Goto

We describe a method to use measurements and correction operations in order to implement the Clifford group in a stabilizer code, generalising a result from [Bombin,2011] for topological subsystem colour codes. In subsystem stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Darren Banfield , Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay