English
Related papers

Related papers: A Simple Geometric Method for Cross-Lingual Lingui…

200 papers

Multilingual sentence encoders are widely used to transfer NLP models across languages. The success of this transfer is, however, dependent on the model's ability to encode the patterns of cross-lingual similarity and variation. Yet, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

For a language model (LM) to faithfully model human language, it must compress vast, potentially infinite information into relatively few dimensions. We propose analyzing compression in (pre-trained) LMs from two points of view: geometric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Emily Cheng , Corentin Kervadec , Marco Baroni

Effective multimodal reasoning depends on the alignment of visual and linguistic representations, yet the mechanisms by which vision-language models (VLMs) achieve this alignment remain poorly understood. Following the LiMBeR framework, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Constantin Venhoff , Ashkan Khakzar , Sonia Joseph , Philip Torr , Neel Nanda

We investigate what kind of structural knowledge learned in neural network encoders is transferable to processing natural language. We design artificial languages with structural properties that mimic natural language, pretrain encoders on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Ryokan Ri , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Pre-trained word embeddings are the primary method for transfer learning in several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Recent works have focused on using unsupervised techniques such as language modeling to obtain these embeddings. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Mihir Kale , Aditya Siddhant , Sreyashi Nag , Radhika Parik , Matthias Grabmair , Anthony Tomasic

Pretrained language models (LMs) are prone to arithmetic errors. Existing work showed limited success in probing numeric values from models' representations, indicating that these errors can be attributed to the inherent unreliability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Marek Kadlčík , Michal Štefánik , Timothee Mickus , Michal Spiegel , Josef Kuchař

State-of-the-art contextual embeddings are obtained from large language models available only for a few languages. For others, we need to learn representations using a multilingual model. There is an ongoing debate on whether multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček

Geometric properties of Transformer weights, particularly the unembedding matrix, have been widely useful in language model interpretability research. Yet, their utility for estimating downstream performance remains unclear. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Atharva Kulkarni , Jacob Mitchell Springer , Arjun Subramonian , Swabha Swayamdipta

Since their introduction, Transformer architectures have dominated Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, recent research has highlighted an inherent anisotropy phenomenon in these models, presenting a significant challenge to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Raphael Bernas , Fanny Jourdan , Antonin Poché , Céline Hudelot

Text-to-image (T2I) models often suffer from text-image misalignment in complex scenes involving multiple objects and attributes. Semantic binding has attempted to associate the generated attributes and objects with their corresponding noun…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hoigi Seo , Junseo Bang , Haechang Lee , Joohoon Lee , Byung Hyun Lee , Se Young Chun

Do multilingual embedding models encode a language-general representation of proficiency? We investigate this by training linear and non-linear probes on hidden-state activations from Qwen3-Embedding (0.6B, 4B, 8B) to predict CEFR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Laurits Lyngbaek , Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan

Understanding how language and embedding models encode semantic relationships is fundamental to model interpretability. While early word embeddings exhibited intuitive vector arithmetic (''king'' - ''man'' + ''woman'' = ''queen''), modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Michael Freenor , Lauren Alvarez

In the current literature, most embedding models are based on the encoder-only transformer architecture to extract a dense and meaningful representation of the given input, which can be a text, an image, and more. With the recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile , Giovanni Semeraro

Cross-lingual semantic textual similarity systems estimate the degree of the meaning similarity between two sentences, each in a different language. State-of-the-art algorithms usually employ machine translation and combine vast amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Tomáš Brychcín

In this paper, our goal is to investigate to what degree multilingual pretrained language models capture cross-linguistically valid abstract linguistic representations. We take the approach of developing curated synthetic data on a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Vivi Nastase , Chunyang Jiang , Giuseppe Samo , Paola Merlo

Cross-lingual representations have the potential to make NLP techniques available to the vast majority of languages in the world. However, they currently require large pretraining corpora or access to typologically similar languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Wei Zhao , Steffen Eger , Johannes Bjerva , Isabelle Augenstein

Our understanding of the visual world is centered around various concept axes, characterizing different aspects of visual entities. While different concept axes can be easily specified by language, e.g. color, the exact visual nuances along…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Sharon Lee , Yunzhi Zhang , Shangzhe Wu , Jiajun Wu

Natural Language Processing enables computers to understand human language by analysing and classifying text efficiently with deep-level grammatical and semantic features. Existing models capture features by learning from large corpora with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Azrin Sultana , Firoz Ahmed

As transformer evolves, pre-trained models have advanced at a breakneck pace in recent years. They have dominated the mainstream techniques in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). How to adapt pre-training to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yifan Du , Zikang Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao