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The requirements for many applications of state-of-the-art speech recognition systems include not only low word error rate (WER) but also low latency. Specifically, for many use-cases, the system must be able to decode utterances in a…

Conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) typically performs multi-level pattern recognition tasks that map the acoustic speech waveform into a hierarchy of speech units. But, it is widely known that information loss in the earlier…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura

End-to-end (E2E) models have made rapid progress in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and perform competitively relative to conventional models. To further improve the quality, a two-pass model has been proposed to rescore streamed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Ke Hu , Tara N. Sainath , Ruoming Pang , Rohit Prabhavalkar

Neural end-to-end (E2E) models have become a promising technique to realize practical automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. When realizing such a system, one important issue is the segmentation of audio to deal with streaming input or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-19 Yuya Fujita , Tianzi Wang , Shinji Watanabe , Motoi Omachi

End-to-end speech recognition generally uses hand-engineered acoustic features as input and excludes the feature extraction module from its joint optimization. To extract learnable and adaptive features and mitigate information loss, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Max W. Y. Lam , Jun Wang , Chao Weng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained significant interest in speech processing since these models achieve dramatically lower inference time than autoregressive (AR) models while also achieving good transcription accuracy. Since NAR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siddhant Arora , George Saon , Shinji Watanabe , Brian Kingsbury

Recently, there has been a strong push to transition from hybrid models to end-to-end (E2E) models for automatic speech recognition. Currently, there are three promising E2E methods: recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), RNN…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-31 Jinyu Li , Yu Wu , Yashesh Gaur , Chengyi Wang , Rui Zhao , Shujie Liu

The network architecture of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be classified into several models, including connectionist temporal classification (CTC), recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), attention mechanism,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yui Sudo , Muhammad Shakeel , Brian Yan , Jiatong Shi , Shinji Watanabe

We present a state-of-the-art end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. We learn to listen and write characters with a joint Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and attention-based encoder-decoder network. The encoder is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Zhang , William Chan

An on-device DNN-HMM speech recognition system efficiently works with a limited vocabulary in the presence of a variety of predictable noise. In such a case, vocabulary and environment adaptation is highly effective. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Emiru Tsunoo , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Satoshi Asakawa , Toshiyuki Kumakura

Recently, we made available WeNet, a production-oriented end-to-end speech recognition toolkit, which introduces a unified two-pass (U2) framework and a built-in runtime to address the streaming and non-streaming decoding modes in a single…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Binbin Zhang , Di Wu , Zhendong Peng , Xingchen Song , Zhuoyuan Yao , Hang Lv , Lei Xie , Chao Yang , Fuping Pan , Jianwei Niu

In the last few years, an emerging trend in automatic speech recognition research is the study of end-to-end (E2E) systems. Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), Attention Encoder-Decoder (AED), and RNN Transducer (RNN-T) are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Hu Hu , Yifan Gong

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often rely on autoregressive (AR) Transformer decoder architectures, which limit efficient inference parallelization due to their sequential nature. To this end, non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tianzi Wang , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Zhaoqing Li , Shoukang Hu , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Mingyu Cui , Helen Meng , Xunying Liu

Attention-based methods and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) network have been promising research directions for end-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The joint CTC/Attention model has achieved great success by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Ruizhi Li , Xiaofei Wang , Sri Harish Mallidi , Shinji Watanabe , Takaaki Hori , Hynek Hermansky

There is often a trade-off between performance and latency in streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR). Traditional methods such as look-ahead and chunk-based methods, usually require information from future frames to advance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Zehan Li , Haoran Miao , Keqi Deng , Gaofeng Cheng , Sanli Tian , Ta Li , Yonghong Yan

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models, including both attention-based models and the recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), have shown superior performance compared to conventional systems. However, previous studies…

Recently, a few novel streaming attention-based sequence-to-sequence (S2S) models have been proposed to perform online speech recognition with linear-time decoding complexity. However, in these models, the decisions to generate tokens are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yashesh Gaur , Liang Lu , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

Non-autoregressive automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become a mainstream of ASR modeling because of its fast decoding speed and satisfactory result. To further boost the performance, relaxing the conditional independence assumption and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Chong-En Lin , Kuan-Yu Chen

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) can be classified by its decoder architectures, such as connectionist temporal classification (CTC), recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T), attention-based encoder-decoder, and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Yui Sudo , Muhammad Shakeel , Yosuke Fukumoto , Brian Yan , Jiatong Shi , Yifan Peng , Shinji Watanabe