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Starting from the Dirac equation, the relativistic quantum hydrodynamic equations for Dirac electrons on a surface of a three dimensional-topological insulator (TI) are derived and numerically solved to study the spin plasmons. The surface…
The existence of gapless Dirac surface band of a three dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) is guaranteed by the non-trivial topological character of the bulk band, yet the surface band dispersion is mainly determined by the…
Topological insulators are characterized by an inverted band structure in the bulk and metallic surface states on the surface. In LaBi, a semimetal with a band inversion equivalent to a topological insulator, we observe surface state like…
In a family of experiments carried on all-metallic supercurrent nano-transistors a surprising gating effect has been recently shown. These include the full suppression of the critical supercurrent, the increase of quasiparticle population,…
Gapping of Dirac surface states through time reversal symmetry breaking may realize the axion insulator state in condensed matter. Despite tremendous efforts, only a few material systems fall in this category of intrinsic magnetic…
Surface states of topological insulators (TIs) have been playing the central role in the majority of outstanding investigations in low-dimensional electron systems for more than 10 years. TIs based on high-quality strained HgTe films…
Topological insulators are novel quantum materials with metallic surface transport, but insulating bulk behavior. Often, topological insulators are dominated by bulk contributions due to defect induced bulk carriers, making it difficult to…
We present an ARPES study of the surface states of Ru$_2$Sn$_3$, a new type of a strong 3D topological insulator (TI). In contrast to currently known 3D TIs, which display two-dimensional Dirac cones with linear isotropic dispersions…
Topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by possessing metallic (gapless) surface states and a finite band-gap state in the bulk. As the thickness of a TI layer decreases down to a few nanometer, hybridization between the top and…
We investigate the spin and charge densities of surface states of the three-dimensional topological insulator $Bi_2Se_3$, starting from the continuum description of the material [Zhang {\em et al.}, Nat. Phys. 5, 438 (2009)]. The spin…
Studies of negative magnetoresistance in novel materials have recently been in the forefront of spintronic research. Here, we report an experimental observation of the temperature dependent negative magnetoresistance in Bi2Te3 topological…
The dispersion of topological surface bands in MnBi$_2$Te$_4$-based magnetic topological insulator heterostructures is strongly affected by band hybridization and is spatially inhomogeneous due to varying surface layer terminations on…
The newly-discovered three-dimensional strong topological insulators (STIs) exhibit topologically-protected Dirac surface states. While the STI surface state has been studied spectroscopically by e.g. photoemission and scanned probes,…
The interface between a superconductor and a topological insulator has been proposed to harbor novel quasiparticles that realize physical schemes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we present high resolution angle-resolved…
To date, almost all of the discussions on topological insulators (TIs) have focused on two- and three-dimensional systems. One-dimensional (1D) TIs manifested in real materials, in which localized spin states may exist at the end or near…
We have investigated the interplay between band inversion and size quantization in spherically shaped nanoparticles made from topological-insulator (TI) materials. A general theoretical framework is developed based on a versatile…
The thermoelectric properties of the surface states in three-dimensional topological insulator nanowires are studied. The Seebeck coefficients $S_c$ and the dimensionless thermoelectrical figure of merit $ZT$ are obtained by using the…
Topological insulators (TIs) are a class of materials characterized by an insulting bulk and high mobility topologically protected surface states, making them promising candidates for future optoelectronic and quantum devices. Although…
Magnetic topological insulators (MTI) constitute a novel class of materials where the topologically protected band structure coexists with long-range ferromagnetic order, which can lead to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry (TRS),…
Topological insulators and superconductors support extended surface states protected against the otherwise localizing effects of static disorder. Specifically, in the Wigner-Dyson insulators belonging to the symmetry classes A, AI, and AII,…