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Approximate $k$ nearest neighbor (AKNN) search in high-dimensional space is a foundational problem in vector databases with widespread applications. Among the numerous AKNN indexes, Proximity Graph-based indexes achieve state-of-the-art…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Liuchang Jing , Mingyu Yang , Lei Li , Jianbin Qin , Wei Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins many large-scale data mining and machine learning applications, with efficient retrieval increasingly hinging on GPU acceleration as dataset sizes grow. Although graph-based approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yaowen Liu , Xuejia Chen , Anxin Tian , Haoyang Li , Qinbin Li , Xin Zhang , Alexander Zhou , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are popular to use for classifying structured data in the context of machine learning. But surprisingly, they are rarely applied to regression problems. In this work, we adopt GNN for a classic but challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Wenzhong Yan , Di Jin , Zhidi Lin , Feng Yin

Performing analytical tasks over graph data has become increasingly interesting due to the ubiquity and large availability of relational information. However, unlike images or sentences, there is no notion of sequence in networks. Nodes…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Matheus Nunes , Gisele L. Pappa

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool for handling structured graph data and addressing tasks such as node classification, graph classification, and clustering. However, the sparse nature of GNN computation poses new challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Julia Bazinska , Andrei Ivanov , Tal Ben-Nun , Nikoli Dryden , Maciej Besta , Siyuan Shen , Torsten Hoefler

In high-dimensional vector spaces, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a key component in database and artificial intelligence infrastructures. Graph-based methods, particularly HNSW, have emerged as leading solutions among…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mengzhao Wang , Haotian Wu , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yifan Zhu , Wenchao Zhou

We introduce in this paper a new summarization method for large graphs. Our summarization approach retains only a user-specified proportion of the neighbors of each node in the graph. Our main aim is to simplify large graphs so that they…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Abd Errahmane Kiouche , Julien Baste , Mohammed Haddad , Hamida Seba

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

We demonstrate that a graph-based search algorithm-relying on the construction of an approximate neighborhood graph-can directly work with challenging non-metric and/or non-symmetric distances without resorting to metric-space mapping…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Leonid Boytsov , Eric Nyberg

Graph-based nearest neighbor search methods have seen a surge of popularity in recent years, offering state-of-the-art performance across a wide variety of applications. Central to these methods is the task of constructing a sparse…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alex Conway , Laxman Dhulipala , Martin Farach-Colton , Rob Johnson , Ben Landrum , Christopher Musco , Yarin Shechter , Torsten Suel , Richard Wen

Graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search has attracted more and more attentions due to its online search advantages. Numbers of methods studying the enhancement of speed and recall have been put forward. However, few of them focus on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Kang Zhao , Pan Pan , Yun Zheng , Yanhao Zhang , Changxu Wang , Yingya Zhang , Yinghui Xu , Rong Jin

There has been significant recent interest in graph-based nearest neighbor search methods, many of which are centered on the construction of navigable graphs over high-dimensional point sets. A graph is navigable if we can successfully move…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Haya Diwan , Jinrui Gou , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco , Torsten Suel

The Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) algorithm is widely used for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search, leveraging the principles of navigable small-world graphs. However, it faces some limitations. The first is the local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hy Nguyen , Nguyen Hung Nguyen , Nguyen Linh Bao Nguyen , Srikanth Thudumu , Hung Du , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

Recently, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in high-dimensional vector spaces has garnered considerable attention due to the rapid advancement of deep learning techniques. We observed that a substantial amount of search and construction…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xiaoyao Zhong , Jiabao Jin , Peng Cheng , Mingyu Yang , Haoyang Li , Zhitao Shen , Heng Tao Shen , Jingkuan Song

The explosive growth in big data has attracted much attention in designing efficient indexing and search methods recently. In many critical applications such as large-scale search and pattern matching, finding the nearest neighbors to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Jun Wang , Wei Liu , Sanjiv Kumar , Shih-Fu Chang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Similarity search approaches based on graph walks have recently attained outstanding speed-accuracy trade-offs, taking aside the memory requirements. In this paper, we revisit these approaches by considering, additionally, the memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Matthijs Douze , Alexandre Sablayrolles , Hervé Jégou

Approximate nearest neighbor algorithms are used to speed up nearest neighbor search in a wide array of applications. However, current indexing methods feature several hyperparameters that need to be tuned to reach an acceptable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

Fast and reliable K-Nearest Neighbor Graph algorithms are more important than ever due to their widespread use in many data processing techniques. This paper presents a runtime optimized C implementation of the heuristic "NN-Descent"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Dan Kluser , Jonas Bokstaller , Samuel Rutz , Tobias Buner

Graph-based algorithms have shown great empirical potential for the approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search problem. Currently, graph-based ANN search algorithms are designed mainly using heuristics, whereas theoretical analysis of such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Dantong Zhu , Minjia Zhang