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Face recognition (FR) systems have become widely used and readily available in recent history. However, differential performance between certain demographics has been identified within popular FR models. Skin tone differences between…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Joseph Drahos , Richard Plesh , Keivan Bahmani , Mahesh Banavar , Stephanie Schuckers

Skin colour detection is frequently been used for searching people, face detection, pornographic filtering and hand tracking. The presence of skin or non-skin in digital image can be determined by manipulating pixels colour or pixels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-12-13 Ghazali Osman , Muhammad Suzuri Hitam , Mohd Nasir Ismail

This paper addresses the problem of automatically detecting human skin in images without reliance on color information. A primary motivation of the work has been to achieve results that are consistent across the full range of skin tones,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Han Xu , Abhijit Sarkar , A. Lynn Abbott

We propose a novel biophysical and dichromatic reflectance model that efficiently characterises spectral skin reflectance. We show how to fit the model to multispectral face images enabling high quality estimation of diffuse and specular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Sarah Alotaibi , William A. P. Smith

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of skin color measurement methods from dermatoscopic images using a synthetic dataset (S-SYNTH) with controlled ground-truth melanin content, lesion shapes, hair models, and 18 distinct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Marin Benčević , Robert Šojo , Irena Galić

With increasing adoption of face recognition systems, it is important to ensure adequate performance of these technologies across demographic groups. Recently, phenotypes such as skin-tone, have been proposed as superior alternatives to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 John J. Howard , Yevgeniy B. Sirotin , Jerry L. Tipton , Arun R. Vemury

Skin detection is one of the most important and primary stages in some of image processing applications such as face detection and human tracking. So far, many approaches are proposed to done this case. Near all of these methods have tried…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Reza Azad , Hamid Reza Shayegh

Skin detection is the process of discriminating skin and non-skin regions in a digital image and it is widely used in several applications ranging from hand gesture analysis to track body parts and face detection. Skin detection is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Alessandra Lumini , Loris Nanni

This paper strives to measure apparent skin color in computer vision, beyond a unidimensional scale on skin tone. In their seminal paper Gender Shades, Buolamwini and Gebru have shown how gender classification systems can be biased against…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 William Thong , Przemyslaw Joniak , Alice Xiang

In Computer Vision, colour-based spatial techniquesoften assume a static skin colour model. However, skin colour perceived by a camera can change when lighting changes. In common real environment multiple light sources impinge on the skin.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-04-18 Ankit Chaudhary , Ankur Gupta

Convolutional Neural Networks have demonstrated human-level performance in the classification of melanoma and other skin lesions, but evident performance disparities between differing skin tones should be addressed before widespread…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-01 Peter J. Bevan , Amir Atapour-Abarghouei

Machine-learning models applied to skin images often have degraded performance when the skin colour captured in images (SCCI) differs between training and deployment. These discrepancies arise from a combination of entangled environmental…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Wenbo Yang , Eman Rezk , Walaa M. Moursi , Zhou Wang

A reliable human skin detection method that is adaptable to different human skin colours and illu- mination conditions is essential for better human skin segmentation. Even though different human skin colour detection solutions have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-10-15 Wei Ren Tan , Chee Seng Chan , Pratheepan Yogarajah , Joan Condell

From The late 90th, "Skin Detection" becomes one of the major problems in image processing. If "Skin Detection" will be done in high accuracy, it can be used in many cases as face recognition, Human Tracking and etc. Until now so many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Shervan Fekri-Ershad , Mohammad Saberi , Farshad Tajeripour

Numerous studies have shown that existing Face Recognition Systems (FRS), including commercial ones, often exhibit biases toward certain ethnicities due to under-represented data. In this work, we explore ethnicity alteration and skin tone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Praveen Kumar Chandaliya , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Zahid Akhtar , Christoph Busch

Skin color has historically been a focal point of discrimination, yet fairness research in machine learning for medical imaging often relies on coarse subgroup categories, overlooking individual-level variations. Such group-based approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kuniko Paxton , Zeinab Dehghani , Koorosh Aslansefat , Dhavalkumar Thakker , Yiannis Papadopoulos

Weakly supervised medical image segmentation (MIS) using generative models is crucial for clinical diagnosis. However, the accuracy of the segmentation results is often limited by insufficient supervision and the complex nature of medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Zhihao Shuai , Yinan Chen , Shunqiang Mao , Yihan Zho , Xiaohong Zhang

We propose a novel reflection color model consisting of body essence and (mixed) neuter, and present an effective method for separating dichromatic reflection components using a single image. Body essence is an entity invariant to interface…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Changsoo Je , Hyung-Min Park

Object detection has been a focus of research in human-computer interaction. Skin area detection has been a key to different recognitions like face recognition, human motion detection, pornographic and nude image prediction, etc. Most of…

The semantic segmentation of skin lesions is an important and common initial task in the computer aided diagnosis of dermoscopic images. Although deep learning-based approaches have considerably improved the segmentation accuracy, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Kumar Abhishek , Ghassan Hamarneh , Mark S. Drew
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