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It is firmly established that the stellar mass distribution is smooth, covering the range 0.1-100 Msun. It is to be expected that the masses of the ensuing compact remnants correlate with the masses of their progenitor stars, and thus it is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 K. Belczynski , G. Wiktorowicz , C. Fryer , D. Holz , V. Kalogera

We make use of two empirical relations between the black hole mass and the global properties (bulge luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion) of nearby elliptical galaxies, to infer the mass of the central black hole (M_BH) in low…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Bettoni , R. Falomo , G. Fasano , F. Govoni

Current population models of binary black hole distributions are difficult to interpret because standard population inferences hinge on modeling choices, which can mask or mimic real structure. The maximum population likelihood…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-15 Nir Guttman , Ethan Payne , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

We present new constraints on the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to total galaxy stellar mass at 0.3<z<0.9 for a sample of 32 type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the XMM-COSMOS survey covering the range M_BH/M_sun~10^(7.2--8.7). Virial…

In this paper, we compare the observationally derived black hole mass function (BHMF) of luminous broad-line quasars (BLQSOs) at 1<z<4.5 drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) presented in Kelly et al. (2010), with models of merger…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Priyamvada Natarajan , Marta Volonteri

The LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration (LVC) discovered recently GW190521, a gravitational wave (GW) source associated with the merger between two black holes (BHs) with mass $66$ M$_\odot$ and $>85$ M$_\odot$. GW190521 represents the first BH…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-10-27 Manuel Arca Sedda , Francesco Paolo Rizzuto , Thorsten Naab , Jeremiah Ostriker , Mirek Giersz , Rainer Spurzem

The rapidly expanding catalog of gravitational-wave detections provides a powerful probe of the formation history of compact binaries across cosmic time. In this work, we extend the Binary Compact Object (BCO) phase-space framework to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-12 Samsuzzaman Afroz , Suvodip Mukherjee

We investigate formation channels for merging binary black holes (BBHs) in GWTC-3, with a dedicated semiparametric population model. The model first describes or excludes a high-spin (with magnitudes of $\sim0.7$) and high-mass (ranging in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-08 Yin-Jie Li , Shao-Peng Tang , Shi-Jie Gao , Dao-Cheng Wu , Yuan-Zhu Wang

Motivated by the observed correlation between black hole masses $\mbh$ and the velocity dispersion $\sigma$ of host galaxies, we develop a theoretical model of black hole formation in galactic bulges (this paper generalizes an earlier ApJ…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Fred C. Adams , David S. Graff , Manasse Mbonye , Douglas O. Richstone

The rotational properties of astrophysical black holes are fundamental quantities that characterization the black holes. A new method to empirically determine the spin mass-energy characteristics of astrophysical black holes is presented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Ruth A. Daly

Given a galaxy's stellar mass, its host halo mass has a lower limit from the cosmic baryon fraction and known baryonic physics. At z>4, galaxy stellar mass functions place lower limits on halo number densities that approach expected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-01 Peter Behroozi , Joseph Silk

Pair-instability supernovae (PISN) will not leave compact remnants and hence yield a mass gap of the black holes. Though a transition point at $\approx 46M_\odot$, separating low- and high-spin black hole populations and interpreted as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Yuan-Zhu Wang , Yin-Jie Li , Shi-Jie Gao , Shao-Peng Tang , Yi-Zhong Fan

Nearly all of the previous gravitational wave (GW) searches in the LIGO-Virgo data included GW waveforms with only the dominant quadrupole harmonic, i.e., omitting higher-order harmonics which are predicted by general relativity. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-19 Digvijay Wadekar , Javier Roulet , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Ajit Kumar Mehta , Barak Zackay , Jonathan Mushkin , Seth Olsen , Matias Zaldarriaga

The detection of sub-solar mass black holes is a milestone of modern astrophysics as it would open a window either onto new stellar physics or could potentially unveil the nature of Dark Matter as Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). On November…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Alberto Magaraggia , Nico Cappelluti

We perform a Bayesian analysis of the mass distribution of stellar-mass black holes using the observed masses of 15 low-mass X-ray binary systems undergoing Roche lobe overflow and five high-mass, wind-fed X-ray binary systems. Using Markov…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 Will M. Farr , Niharika Sravan , Andrew Cantrell , Laura Kreidberg , Charles D. Bailyn , Ilya Mandel , Vicky Kalogera

We present an alternative formation scenario for the gravitational wave event GW190521, that can be explained as the merger of central black holes from two ultra-dwarf galaxies of stellar mass $\sim 10^5-10^6 ~M_\odot$, which had themselves…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-12 Antonella Palmese , Christopher J. Conselice

We propose a Bayesian inference framework to predict the merger history of LIGO-Virgo binary black holes (BHs), whose binary components may have undergone hierarchical mergers in the past. The framework relies on numerical relativity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-11 Parthapratim Mahapatra , Debatri Chattopadhyay , Anuradha Gupta , Fabio Antonini , Marc Favata , B. S. Sathyaprakash , K. G. Arun

We determine the mass of the black hole at the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 4258 by constructing axisymmetric dynamical models of the galaxy. These models are constrained by high spatial resolution imaging and long-slit spectroscopy of…

Although gravitational-wave signals from exceptional low-mass compact binary coalescences, like GW170817, may carry matter signatures that differentiate the source from a binary black hole system, only one out of every eight events detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-02 Reed Essick , Philippe Landry

Gravitational-wave (GW) detections are starting to reveal features in the mass distribution of double compact objects. The lower end of the black hole (BH) mass distribution is especially interesting as few formation channels contribute…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 L. A. C. van Son , S. E. de Mink , M. Renzo , S. Justham , E. Zapartas , K. Breivik , T. Callister , W. M. Farr , C. Conroy
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