Related papers: A new weighting method when not all the events are…
Recurrent events are common and important clinical trial endpoints in many disease areas, e.g., cardiovascular hospitalizations in heart failure, relapses in multiple sclerosis, or exacerbations in asthma. During a trial, patients may…
Nested case-control (NCC) studies are a widely adopted design in epidemiology to investigate exposure-disease relationships. This paper examines weighted analyses in NCC studies, focusing on two prominent weighting methods: Kaplan-Meier…
The inverse probability weighting (IPW) method is used to handle attrition in association analyses derived from cohort studies. It consists in weighting the respondents at a given follow-up by their inverse probability to participate.…
Case-control studies are designed towards studying associations between risk factors and a single, primary outcome. Information about additional, secondary outcomes is also collected, but association studies targeting such secondary…
Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW) has been well applied in causal inference to estimate population-level estimands from observational studies. For time-to-event outcomes, the failure time distribution can be estimated by…
Estimating the average treatment causal effect in clustered data often involves dealing with unmeasured cluster-specific confounding variables. Such variables may be correlated with the measured unit covariates and outcome. When the…
We investigate the issue of parameter estimation with nonuniform negative sampling for imbalanced data. We first prove that, with imbalanced data, the available information about unknown parameters is only tied to the relatively small…
We propose a new likelihood-based approach for estimation, inference and variable selection for parametric cure regression models in time-to-event analysis under random right-censoring. In this context, it often happens that some subjects…
We study off-policy evaluation in the setting of contextual bandits, where we aim to evaluate a new policy using historical data that consists of contexts, actions and received rewards. This historical data typically does not faithfully…
Micro-randomized trials are commonly conducted for optimizing mobile health interventions such as push notifications for behavior change. In analyzing such trials, causal excursion effects are often of primary interest, and their estimation…
Our work was motivated by a recent study on birth defects of infants born to pregnant women exposed to a certain medication for treating chronic diseases. Outcomes such as birth defects are rare events in the general population, which often…
Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is widely used in many areas when data are subject to unrepresentativeness, missingness, or selection bias. An inevitable challenge with the use of IPW is that the IPW estimator can be remarkably unstable…
Comparative effectiveness research often involves evaluating the differences in the risks of an event of interest between two or more treatments using observational data. Often, the post-treatment outcome of interest is whether the event…
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) may suffer from limited scope. In particular, samples may be unrepresentative: some RCTs over- or under- sample individuals with certain characteristics compared to the target population, for which one…
Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) is widely used in empirical work in economics and other disciplines. As Gaussian approximations perform poorly in the presence of "small denominators," trimming is routinely employed as a regularization…
The inverse probability weighting (IPW) is broadly utilized to address missing data problems including causal inference but may suffer from large variances and biases due to propensity score model misspecification. To solve these problems,…
The gold standard for causal model evaluation involves comparing model predictions with true effects estimated from randomized controlled trials (RCT). However, RCTs are not always feasible or ethical to perform. In contrast, conditionally…
Causal inference requires evaluating models on balanced distributions between treatment and control groups, while training data often exhibits imbalance due to historical decision-making policies. Most conventional statistical methods…
Inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods are commonly used to analyze non-ignorable missing data under the assumption of a logistic model for the missingness probability. However, solving IPW equations numerically may involve…
Win measures, including the win ratio (WR), win odds (WO), net benefit (NB), and desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR), are increasingly used in randomized clinical trials with multiple hierarchical ordinal endpoints. In practice, however,…