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Vacuum quantum fluctuations impose a fundamental limit on the sensitivity of gravitational-wave interferometers, which rank among the most sensitive precision measurement devices ever built. The injection of conventional squeezed vacuum…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-16 Chris Whittle , Kentaro Komori , Dhruva Ganapathy , Lee McCuller , Lisa Barsotti , Nergis Mavalvala , Matthew Evans

It has long been thought that the sensitivity of laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors is limited by the free-mass standard quantum limit, unless radical redesigns of the interferometers or modifications of their input/output…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alessandra Buonanno , Yanbei Chen

Non-classical states of light find applications in enhancing the performance of optical interferometric experiments, with notable example of gravitational wave-detectors. Still, the presence of decoherence hinders significantly the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 R. Demkowicz-Dobrzanski , M. Jarzyna , J. Kolodynski

Time-resolved atom interferometry, as employed in applications such as gravitational wave detection and searches for ultra-light dark matter, requires precise control over systematic effects. In this work, we investigate phase noise arising…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Noam Mouelle , Jeremiah Mitchell , Valerie Gibson , Ulrich Schneider

Tiny vibrations of mechanical structures are the main limiting cause in a number of high sensitivity measurement apparatus, chief among them the most sensitive displacement apparatus on earth: gravitational wave interferometers. Such…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-07-11 Igor Neri , Miquel López-Suárez , Luca Gammaitoni

In this work we study the influence of the newtonian noise on atom interferometers applied to the detection of gravitational waves, and we compute the resulting limits to the sensitivity in two different configurations: a single atom…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-17 Flavio Vetrano , Andrea Viceré

Recent advances in quantum sensing -- optical clocks at $5.5\times 10^{-19}$ systematic uncertainty, frequency-dependent squeezing below the standard quantum limit, quantum magnetometers approaching fundamental sensitivity limits -- raise a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Sergio Gaudio

The utility of inertial sensors depends on resilience against real-world dynamics and noise. Atom interferometry offers a sensing technology with the advantage of good long-term stability, high sensitivity, and accuracy. High measurement…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Jonathan M. Kwolek , Sunil Upadhyay , Adam T. Black

The shot-noise limited peak sensitivity of cavity-enhanced interferometric measurement devices, such as gravitational-wave detectors, can be improved by increasing the cavity finesse, even when comparing fixed intra-cavity light powers. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Mikhail Korobko , Lisa Kleybolte , Stefan Ast , Haixing Miao , Yanbei Chen , Roman Schnabel

Near-unstable cavities have been proposed as an enabling technology for future gravitational wave detectors, as their compact structure and large beam spots can reduce the coating thermal noise of the interferometer. We present a tabletop…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 Haoyu Wang , Miguel Dovale Alvarez , Christopher Collins , Daniel David Brown , Mengyao Wang , Conor M. Mow-Lowry , Sen Han , Andreas Freise

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of interferometric measurements. It is generally admitted that it leads to an ultimate sensitivity, the ``standard quantum limit''. Using a semi-classical analysis of quantum noise, we show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-01 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

The speed meter concept has been identified as a technique that can potentially provide laser-interferometric measurements at a sensitivity level which surpasses the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) over a broad frequency range. As with other…

We discuss the design of quantum hybrid inertial sensor that combines an optomechanical inertial sensor with the retro-reflector of a cold atom interferometer. This sensor fusion approach provides absolute and high accuracy measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Logan Richardson , Adam Hines , Andrew Schaffer , Brian P. Anderson , Felipe Guzman

Direct observations of gravitational waves at frequencies below 10 Hz will play crucial roles for fully exploiting the potential of gravitational wave astronomy. One approach to pursue this direction is the utilization of laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-03 Kiwamu Izumi , Masa-Katsu Fujimoto

Interferometers with kilometer-scale arms have been built for gravitational-wave detections on the ground; ones with much longer arms are being planned for space-based detection. One fundamental motivation for long baseline interferometry…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-06 Kentaro Somiya , Keisuke Goda , Yanbei Chen , Eugeniy E. Mikhailov

Quantum metrology seeks to leverage the richness of quantum systems for making better measurements than are possible using only classical resources in order to gain a ``quantum advantage''. Quantum metrology schemes must also be resilient…

We consider enhancing the sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors by adding optical filters inside the signal-recycling cavity -- an intracavity filtering scheme, which coherently feeds the sideband signal back to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-03 Mengyao Wang , Haixing Miao , Andreas Freise , Yanbei Chen

A key action for enhancing the sensitivity of gravitational wave (GW) detectors based on laser interferometry is to increase the laser power. However, in such a high-power regime, a nonlinear optomechanical phenomenon called parametric…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-16 Margherita Turconi , Thomas Harder , Rémi Soulard , Walid Chaibi

The intracavity topologies of laser gravitational-wave detectors are the promising way to obtain sensitivity of these devices significantly better than the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). The most challenging element of the intracavity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Ya. Khalili

Fundamental sensitivity of an optical interferometric gravitational wave detector increases with increase of the optical power which, in turn, limited because of the opto-mechanical parametric instabilities of the interferometer. We propose…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-27 Andrey B. Matsko , Mikhail V. Poplavskiy , Hiroaki Yamamoto , Sergey P. Vyatchanin