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Deep convolutional neural networks, assisted by architectural design strategies, make extensive use of data augmentation techniques and layers with a high number of feature maps to embed object transformations. That is highly inefficient…

Capsule networks were proposed as an alternative approach to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for learning object-centric representations, which can be leveraged for improved generalization and sample complexity. Unlike CNNs, capsule…

Capsules as well as dynamic routing between them are most recently proposed structures for deep neural networks. A capsule groups data into vectors or matrices as poses rather than conventional scalars to represent specific properties of…

Capsule networks are a recently developed class of neural networks that potentially address some of the deficiencies with traditional convolutional neural networks. By replacing the standard scalar activations with vectors, and by…

Capsule Networks have emerged as a powerful class of deep learning architectures, known for robust performance with relatively few parameters compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, their inherent efficiency is often…

Capsule networks are a type of neural network that have recently gained increased popularity. They consist of groups of neurons, called capsules, which encode properties of objects or object parts. The connections between capsules encrypt…

Capsule Network (CapsNet) has shown significant improvement in understanding the variation in images along with better generalization ability compared to traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CapsNet preserves spatial relationship…

In capsule networks, the routing algorithm connects capsules in consecutive layers, enabling the upper-level capsules to learn higher-level concepts by combining the concepts of the lower-level capsules. Capsule networks are known to have a…

Capsule network is the most recent exciting advancement in the deep learning field and represents positional information by stacking features into vectors. The dynamic routing algorithm is used in the capsule network, however, there are…

From the moment Neural Networks dominated the scene for image processing, the computational complexity needed to solve the targeted tasks skyrocketed: against such an unsustainable trend, many strategies have been developed, ambitiously…

The basic computational unit in Capsule Network (CapsNet) is a capsule (vs. neurons in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)). A capsule is a set of neurons, which form a vector. CapsNet is used for supervised classification of data and has…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely deployed for many Machine Learning applications. Recently, CapsuleNets have overtaken traditional DNNs, because of their improved generalization ability due to the multi-dimensional capsules, in…

Capsule Networks face a critical problem in computer vision in the sense that the image background can challenge its performance, although they learn very well on training data. In this work, we propose to improve Capsule Networks'…

Past few years have witnessed exponential growth of interest in deep learning methodologies with rapidly improving accuracies and reduced computational complexity. In particular, architectures using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve translational invariance by using pooling operations. However, the operations do not preserve the spatial relationships in the learned representations. Hence, CNNs cannot extrapolate to various…

Convolutional Neural Networks need the construction of informative features, which are determined by channel-wise and spatial-wise information at the network's layers. In this research, we focus on bringing in a novel solution that uses…

The Capsule Network is widely believed to be more robust than Convolutional Networks. However, there are no comprehensive comparisons between these two networks, and it is also unknown which components in the CapsNet affect its robustness.…

Capsules are the multidimensional analogue to scalar neurons in neural networks, and because they are multidimensional, much more complex routing schemes can be used to pass information forward through the network than what can be used in…

We propose Pure CapsNets (P-CapsNets) which is a generation of normal CNNs structurally. Specifically, we make three modifications to current CapsNets. First, we remove routing procedures from CapsNets based on the observation that the…

In recent years, the CNNs have achieved great successes in the image processing tasks, e.g., image recognition and object detection. Unfortunately, traditional CNN's classification is found to be easily misled by increasingly complex image…