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More than a century after the inception of quantum theory, the question of which traits and phenomena are fundamentally quantum remains under debate. Here we give an answer to this question for temporal processes which are probed…
It is one of the most remarkable features of quantum physics that measurements on spatially separated systems cannot always be described by a locally causal theory. In such a theory, the outcomes of local measurements are determined in…
For long-memory time series, inference based on resampling is of crucial importance, since the asymptotic distribution can often be non-Gaussian and is difficult to determine statistically. However due to the strong dependence, establishing…
Results of measurements give legitimacy to a physical theory. What if acquiring these results in the first place necessitates what the same theory considers to be an interaction? In this note, we assume that theories account for…
The uncertainty principle sets limit on our ability to predict the values of two incompatible observables measured on a quantum particle simultaneously. This principle can be stated in various forms. In quantum information theory, it is…
Many-party correlations between measurement outcomes in general probabilistic theories are given by conditional probability distributions obeying the non-signalling condition. We show that any such distribution can be obtained from…
We investigate fundamental bounds on the curvature of quantum correlation functions in imaginary time. Focusing first on topological phases, we show that quantum geometry can qualitatively modify the imaginary-time decay of correlations,…
Quantum cognition often explains order effects, contextuality, and violations of the law of total probability by replacing classical probability with quantum probability on a fixed event structure. This paper proposes a different…
We investigate the presence of memory in the sequential measurement statistics of an open quantum system, as witnessed by the departure from the quantum regression theorem (QRT), that is, the possibility to predict multitime probabilities…
Causal inequalities are bounds on correlations obtained when operations take place in a causal sequence, i.e. in which the background time or definite causal structure pre-exists such that every operation is either in the future, in the…
Computer simulation of observable phenomena is an indispensable tool for engineering new technology, understanding the natural world, and studying human society. Yet the most interesting systems are often complex, such that simulating their…
A possible mechanism of time is formulated by developing an idea of time replaced by quantum correlations, with the aid of modern quantum information theory. We invent a microscopic model, where correlations of a closed system are steadily…
Contextuality is a defining feature that separates the quantum from the classical descriptions of physical systems. Within the marginal-scenario framework, noncontextual models are characterized by the existence of a single joint…
We introduce two quantitative measures of the strength of causal relations in quantum theory and more general physical theories. These two measures, called the maximum and minimum causal effect, quantify the maximum and minimum changes in…
This paper is concerned with two questions in the decoherent histories approach to quantum mechanics: the emergence of approximate classical predictability, and the fluctuations about it necessitated by the uncertainty principle. We…
Quantum correlation often refers to correlations exhibited by two or more local subsystems under a suitable measurement. These correlations are beyond the framework of classical statistics and the associated classical probability…
We show that the so-called quantum probabilistic rule, usually presented in the physical literature as an argument of the essential distinction between the probability relations under quantum and classical measurements, is not, as it is…
We consider a toy model for non-local quantum correlations in which nature resorts to some form of hidden signaling (i.e., signaling between boxes but not available to the users) to generate correlations. We show that if such a model also…
We initiate the study of quantifying nonlocalness of a bipartite measurement by the minimum amount of classical communication required to simulate the measurement. We derive general upper bounds, which are expressed in terms of certain…
The probability `measure' for measurements at two consecutive moments of time is non-additive. These probabilities, on the other hand, may be determined by the limit of relative frequency of measured events, which are by nature additive. We…