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Online controlled experiment (also called A/B test or experiment) is the most important tool for decision-making at a wide range of data-driven companies like Microsoft, Google, Meta, etc. Metric computation is the core procedure for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tao Xiong , Yong Wang

Model-based mutation analysis is a recent research area, and real-time system testing can benefit from using model mutants. Model-based mutation testing (MBMT) is a particular branch of model-based testing. It generates faulty versions of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Jian Chen , Manar H. Alalfi , Thomas R. Dean

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support software testing tasks, yet there is little evidence of their effectiveness for REST API testing in industrial settings. To address this gap, we replicate our earlier work on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tolgahan Bardakci , Andreas Faes , Mutlu Beyazit , Serge Demeyr

This report describes the experiences of one organization's adoption of Test Driven Development (TDD) practices as part of a medium-term software project employing Extreme Programming as a methodology. Three years into this project the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Jim Buchan , Ling Li , Stephen G. MacDonell

In recommender systems, online A/B testing is a crucial method for evaluating the performance of different models. However, conducting online A/B testing often presents significant challenges, including substantial economic costs, user…

A/B testing is gaining attention in the automotive sector as a promising tool to measure causal effects from software changes. Different from the web-facing businesses, where A/B testing has been well-established, the automotive domain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Yuchu Liu , David Issa Mattos , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson , Jonn Lantz

Microservices are quite widely impacting on the software industry in recent years. Rapid evolution and continuous deployment represent specific benefits of microservice-based systems, but they may have a significant impact on non-functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Vittorio Cortellessa , Daniele Di Pompeo , Romina Eramo , Michele Tucci

Measuring and evaluating software quality has become a fundamental task. Many models have been proposed to support stakeholders in dealing with software quality. However, in most cases, quality models do not fit perfectly for the target…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-12-05 Michael Kläs , Constanza Lampasona , Jürgen Münch

Context: Formal methods (FMs) have been around for a while, still being unclear how to leverage their benefits, overcome their challenges, and set new directions for their improvement towards a more successful transfer into practice.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Mario Gleirscher , Diego Marmsoler

The level and quality of automation dramatically affects software testing activities, determines costs and effectiveness of the testing process, and largely impacts on the quality of the final product. While costs and benefits of automating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Matteo Brunetto , Giovanni Denaro , Leonardo Mariani , Mauro Pezzè

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to complex decision making. However, one issue that limits its practical application is its brittleness, sometimes failing to train in the presence of small changes in the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Jung-Hoon Cho , Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Cathy Wu

Experimentation is widely utilized for causal inference and data-driven decision-making across disciplines. In an A/B experiment, for example, an online business randomizes two different treatments (e.g., website designs) to their customers…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-15 Wenxuan Guo , JungHo Lee , Panos Toulis

Item difficulty plays a crucial role in test performance, interpretability of scores, and equity for all test-takers, especially in large-scale assessments. Traditional approaches to item difficulty modeling rely on field testing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sydney Peters , Nan Zhang , Hong Jiao , Ming Li , Tianyi Zhou , Robert Lissitz

This paper presents a framework to apply property-based testing (PBT) on top of temporal formal models. The aim of this work is to help software engineers to understand temporal models that are presented formally and to make use of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Nasser Alzahrani , Maria Spichkova , Jan Olaf Blech

Performance models are well-known instruments to understand the scaling behavior of parallel applications. They express how performance changes as key execution parameters, such as the number of processes or the size of the input problem,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Marcin Copik , Alexandru Calotoiu , Tobias Grosser , Nicolas Wicki , Felix Wolf , Torsten Hoefler

Large organizations have diverse product offerings to meet various business needs. To increase revenue, its common these days to offer software products as integrated product suite(s) rather than individual products. Creating and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Sai Anirudh Karre , Y. Raghu Reddy

Background: Data errors are a common challenge in machine learning (ML) projects and generally cause significant performance degradation in ML-enabled software systems. To ensure early detection of erroneous data and avoid training ML…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Lucy Ellen Lwakatare , Ellinor Rånge , Ivica Crnkovic , Jan Bosch

Behavioral testing in NLP allows fine-grained evaluation of systems by examining their linguistic capabilities through the analysis of input-output behavior. Unfortunately, existing work on behavioral testing in Machine Translation (MT) is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Javier Ferrando , Matthias Sperber , Hendra Setiawan , Dominic Telaar , Saša Hasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are starting to be profiled as one of the most significant disruptions in the Software Testing field. Specifically, they have been successfully applied in software testing tasks such as generating test code, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cristian Augusto , Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Francesca Lonetti , Jesús Morán

Traditional Business Process Management (BPM) struggles with rigidity, opacity, and scalability in dynamic environments while emerging Large Language Models (LLMs) present transformative opportunities alongside risks. This paper explores…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Peter Pfeiffer , Alexander Rombach , Maxim Majlatow , Nijat Mehdiyev