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Word error rate (WER) is a standard metric for the evaluation of Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. However, WER fails to provide a fair evaluation of human perceived quality in presence of spelling variations, abbreviations, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Satarupa Guha , Rahul Ambavat , Ankur Gupta , Manish Gupta , Rupeshkumar Mehta

While Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is typically benchmarked by word error rate (WER), real-world applications ultimately hinge on semantic fidelity. This mismatch is particularly problematic for dysarthric speech, where articulatory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Xiuwen Zheng , Sixun Dong , Bornali Phukon , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Chang D. Yoo

Word Error Rate (WER) is the primary metric used to assess automatic speech recognition (ASR) model quality. It has been shown that ASR models tend to have much higher WER on speakers with speech impairments than typical English speakers.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Jimmy Tobin , Qisheng Li , Subhashini Venugopalan , Katie Seaver , Richard Cave , Katrin Tomanek

The common standard for quality evaluation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is reference-based metrics such as the Word Error Rate (WER), computed using manual ground-truth transcriptions that are time-consuming and expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Ahmet Gunduz , Mohamed Al-Badrashiny , Golara Javadi

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in automatic speech recognition (ASR), driven by advances in model architectures and large-scale training data. However, two important aspects remain underexplored. First, Word Error Rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Peng Wang , Yanqiao Zhu , Zixuan Jiang , Qinyuan Chen , Xingjian Zhao , Xipeng Qiu , Wupeng Wang , Zhifu Gao , Xiangang Li , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Reverberation negatively impacts the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Prior work on quantifying the effect of reverberation has shown that clarity (C50), a parameter that can be estimated from the acoustic impulse…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-17 Hannes Gamper , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Sebastian Braun , Ivan J. Tashev

Speech enhancement (SE) systems are typically evaluated using a variety of instrumental metrics. The use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems to evaluate SE performance is common in literature, usually in terms of word error rate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Danilo de Oliveira , Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have traditionally been evaluated using English datasets, with the word error rate (WER) serving as the predominant metric. WER's simplicity and ease of interpretation have contributed to its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Thennal D K , Jesin James , Deepa P Gopinath , Muhammed Ashraf K

Recent advances in speech foundation models are largely driven by scaling both model size and data, enabling them to perform a wide range of tasks, including speech recognition. Traditionally, ASR models are evaluated using metrics like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Abdul Waheed , Hanin Atwany , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Word error rate (WER) as a metric has a variety of limitations that have plagued the field of speech recognition. Evaluation datasets suffer from varying style, formality, and inherent ambiguity of the transcription task. In this work, we…

Conventionally, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are evaluated on their ability to correctly recognize each word contained in a speech signal. In this context, the word error rate (WER) metric is the reference for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Thibault Bañeras Roux , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Teva Merlin , Richard Dufour

Text encodings from automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcripts and audio representations have shown promise in speech emotion recognition (SER) ever since. Yet, it is challenging to explain the effect of each information stream on the…

Measuring the semantic similarity between two sentences is still an important task. The word mover's distance (WMD) computes the similarity via the optimal alignment between the sets of word embeddings. However, WMD does not utilize word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Hiroaki Yamagiwa , Sho Yokoi , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Traditional ASR metrics like WER and CER fail to capture intelligibility, especially for dysarthric and dysphonic speech, where semantic alignment matters more than exact word matches. ASR systems struggle with these speech types, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Bornali Phukon , Xiuwen Zheng , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

This paper addresses the problem of automatic speech recognition (ASR) error detection and their use for improving spoken language understanding (SLU) systems. In this study, the SLU task consists in automatically extracting, from ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Edwin Simonnet , Sahar Ghannay , Nathalie Camelin , Yannick Estève , Renato De Mori

Objective evaluation of synthetic speech quality remains a critical challenge. Human listening tests are the gold standard, but costly and impractical at scale. Fr\'echet Distance has emerged as a promising alternative, yet its reliability…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-30 June-Woo Kim , Dhruv Agarwal , Federica Cerina

Sequence-to-sequence models, such as attention-based models in automatic speech recognition (ASR), are typically trained to optimize the cross-entropy criterion which corresponds to improving the log-likelihood of the data. However, system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Rohit Prabhavalkar , Tara N. Sainath , Yonghui Wu , Patrick Nguyen , Zhifeng Chen , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Anjuli Kannan

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a core component of human--computer interaction and an increasingly important front-end for LLM-based assistants and agents. However, most current ASR systems still follow a single-pass paradigm, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zixuan Jiang , Yanqiao Zhu , Peng Wang , Qinyuan Chen , Xinjian Zhao , Xipeng Qiu , Wupeng Wang , Zhifu Gao , Xiangang Li , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

The accuracy of Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has improved, but it is still imperfect in many settings. Researchers who evaluate ASR performance often focus on improving the Word Error Rate (WER) metric, but WER has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Sushant Kafle , Matt Huenerfauth

Classroom speech and lectures often contain named entities (NEs) such as names of people and special terminology. While automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have achieved remarkable performance on general speech, the word error rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Viet Anh Trinh , Xinlu He , Jacob Whitehill