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Probabilistic power flow (PPF) is essential for quantifying operational uncertainty in modern distribution systems with high penetration of renewable generation and flexible loads. Conventional PPF methods primarily rely on Monte Carlo (MC)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Weijie Xia , James Ciyu Qin , Edgar Mauricio Salazar Duque , Hongjin Du , Peter Palensky , Giovanni Sansavini , Pedro P. Vergara

This paper investigates flexibility aggregation approaches based on linear models. We begin by examining the theoretical foundations of linear AC power flow, two variants of so-called DC power flow, and the LinDistFlow model, along with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Yanlin Jiang , Xinliang Dai , Frederik Zahn , Yi Guo , Veit Hagenmeyer

Linearization of power flow is an important topic in power system analysis. The computational burden can be greatly reduced under the linear power flow model while the model error is the main concern. Therefore, various linear power flow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 hentong Shao , Qiaozhu Zhai , Jiang Wu , Xiaohong Guan

This two-part tutorial dives into the field of data-driven power flow linearization (DPFL), a domain gaining increased attention. DPFL stands out for its higher approximation accuracy, wide adaptability, and better ability to implicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Mengshuo Jia , Gabriela Hug , Ning Zhang , Zhaojian Wang , Yi Wang , Chongqing Kang

Linear power flow (LPF) models are essential in power system analysis. Various LPF models are proposed, but some crucial questions are still remained: what is the performance bound (e.g., the error bound) of LPF models, how to know a branch…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 Zhentong Shao , Qiaozhu Zhai , Xiaohong Guan

Power distribution networks, especially in North America, are often unbalanced but are designed to keep unbalance levels within the limits specified by IEEE, IEC, and NEMA standards. However, rapid integration of unbalanced devices, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Rahul K. Gupta , Daniel K. Molzahn

In this work we introduce PowerModelsDistribution, a free, open-source toolkit for distribution power network optimization, whose primary focus is establishing a baseline implementation of steady-state multi-conductor unbalanced…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-12-09 David M Fobes , Sander Claeys , Frederik Geth , Carleton Coffrin

The power flow equations relate bus voltage phasors to power injections via the network admittance matrix. These equations are central to the key operational and protection functions of power systems (e.g., optimal power flow scheduling and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Samuel Talkington , Daniel Turizo , Sergio A. Dorado-Rojas , Rahul K. Gupta , Daniel K. Molzahn

Full AC power flow model is an accurate mathematical model for representing the physical power systems. In practice, however, the utilization of this model is limited due to the computational complexity associated with its nonlinear and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Xingpeng Li , Kory Hedman

Power flow analysis plays a fundamental and critical role in the energy management system (EMS). It is required to well accommodate large and complex power system. To achieve a high performance and accurate power flow analysis, a graph…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Chen Yuan , Yi Lu , Wei Feng , Guangyi Liu , Renchang Dai , Yachen Tang , Zhiwei Wang

Robust simulation is essential for reliable operation and planning of transmission and distribution power grids. At present, disparate methods exist for steady-state analysis of the transmission (power flow) and distribution power grid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-10 Amritanshu Pandey , Marko Jereminov , Martin R. Wagner , David M. Bromberg , Gabriela Hug , Larry Pileggi

We use simulation to compare different power flow models in the process of charging electric vehicles (EVs) by considering their random arrivals, their stochastic demand for energy at charging stations, and the characteristics of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-08 M. H. M. Christianen , M. Vlasiou , B. Zwart

Power flow analysis is used to evaluate the flow of electricity in the power system network. Power flow calculation is used to determine the steady-state variables of the system, such as the voltage magnitude/phase angle of each bus and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Thuan Pham , Xingpeng Li

Modeling transformations between arbitrary data distributions is a fundamental scientific challenge, arising in applications like drug discovery and evolutionary simulation. While flow matching offers a natural framework for this task, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shiye Su , Yuhui Zhang , Linqi Zhou , Rajesh Ranganath , Serena Yeung-Levy

Probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation, as a fundamental tool to analyze transmission system behavior, has been studied for decades. Despite a variety of available methods, existing PLF approaches rarely take system control into account.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-02 Mengshuo Jia , Qianni Cao , Chen Shen , Gabriela Hug

In this paper, a novel linear formulation for power system state estimation that simultaneously treats conventional and synchrophasor measurements is proposed. A linear circuit model for conventional measurements is introduced to enable a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-04 Aleksandar Jovicic , Marko Jereminov , Larry Pileggi , Gabriela Hug

Balanced steady operation state in power networks changes over time. Traditional power flow algorithm is focused on the steady operation state under a certain time point and calculates the corresponding voltage and power distributions for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Zongjie Wang , C. Lindsay Anderson

Accurately modeling power distribution grids is crucial for designing effective monitoring and decision making algorithms. This paper addresses the partial observability issue of data-driven distribution modeling in order to improve the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Shanny Lin , Hao Zhu

This paper proposes a novel and simple linear model to capture line losses for use in linearized DC models, such as optimal power flow (DC-OPF) and security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED). The \textit{Line Loss Outer Approximation}…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Haoruo Zhao , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper presents an algorithm that solves the AC power flow problem for balanced, three-phase transmission systems at steady state. The algorithm extends the "fixed-point power flow" algorithm in the literature to include transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Liangjie Chen , John W. Simpson-Porco