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Automatic generation control (AGC) systems play a crucial role in maintaining system frequency across power grids. However, AGC systems' reliance on communicated measurements exposes them to false data injection attacks (FDIAs), which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nour M. Shabar , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Deepa Kundur

Deep Neural Networks have proven to be highly accurate at a variety of tasks in recent years. The benefits of Deep Neural Networks have also been embraced in power grids to detect False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) while conducting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Farhin Farhad Riya , Shahinul Hoque , Yingyuan Yang , Jiangnan Li , Jinyuan Stella Sun , Hairong Qi

The application of Deep Learning-based Schemes (DLSs) for detecting False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) in smart grids has attracted significant attention. This paper demonstrates that adversarial attacks, carefully crafted FDIAs, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Aditi Maheshwari , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Node injection attack on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is an emerging and practical attack scenario that the attacker injects malicious nodes rather than modifying original nodes or edges to affect the performance of GNNs. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shuchang Tao , Qi Cao , Huawei Shen , Junjie Huang , Yunfan Wu , Xueqi Cheng

The last few years have seen an increasing wave of attacks with serious economic and privacy damages, which evinces the need for accurate Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Recent works propose the use of Machine Learning (ML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-02 David Pujol-Perich , José Suárez-Varela , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio , Pere Barlet-Ros

In the recent years cyberattacks to smart grids are becoming more frequent Among the many malicious activities that can be launched against smart grids False Data Injection FDI attacks have raised significant concerns from both academia and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Muhammad Irfan , Alireza Sadighian , Adeen Tanveer , Shaikha J. Al-Naimi , Gabriele Oligeri

The rapid growth of AI-driven data centers and large-scale energy storage systems is increasing the reliance of power system operation on real-time measurement data and automated decision-making. However, many existing detection methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xin Li , Chenhan Xiao , Jonathan Cohen , Aviad Elyashar , Yang Weng , Rami Puzis

While deep neural networks have achieved great success in graph analysis, recent work has shown that they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Compared with adversarial attacks on image classification, performing adversarial attacks on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zhengyi Wang , Zhongkai Hao , Ziqiao Wang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

The false data injection (FDI) attack cannot be detected by the traditional anomaly detection techniques used in the energy system state estimators. In this paper, we demonstrate how FDI attacks can be constructed blindly, i.e., without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Adnan Anwar , Abdun Naser Mahmood , Mark Pickering

State estimation is a data processing algorithm for converting redundant meter measurements and other information into an estimate of the state of a power system. Relying heavily on meter measurements, state estimation has proven to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-27 Mingqiu Du , Georgia Pierrou , Xiaozhe Wang , Marthe Kassouf

This paper presents a new Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). GNNs are a relatively new sub-field of deep neural networks, which can leverage the inherent structure of graph-based data. Training…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Wai Weng Lo , Siamak Layeghy , Mohanad Sarhan , Marcus Gallagher , Marius Portmann

This paper presents a Temporal Graph Neural Network (TGNN) framework for detection and localization of false data injection and ramp attacks on the system state in smart grids. Capturing the topological information of the system through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Seyed Hamed Haghshenas , Md Abul Hasnat , Mia Naeini

A novel false data injection attack (FDIA) model against DC state estimation is proposed, which requires no network parameters and exploits only limited phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. The proposed FDIA model can target specific states…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Mingqiu Du , Georgia Pierrou , Xiaozhe Wang

This paper explores the detection and localization of cyber-attacks on time-series measurements data in power systems, focusing on comparing conventional machine learning (ML) like k-means, deep learning method like autoencoder, and graph…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Tianzhixi Yin , Syed Ahsan Raza Naqvi , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various real-world applications. However, recent studies highlight the vulnerability of GNNs to malicious perturbations. Previous adversaries primarily focus on graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Dayuan Chen , Jian Zhang , Yuqian Lv , Jinhuan Wang , Hongjie Ni , Shanqing Yu , Zhen Wang , Qi Xuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful models for anomaly detection in sensor networks, particularly when analyzing multivariate time series. In this work, we introduce BETA, a novel grey-box evasion attack targeting such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sanju Xaviar , Omid Ardakanian

Machine learning (ML)-based detectors have been shown to be effective in detecting stealthy false data injection attacks (FDIAs) that can bypass conventional bad data detectors (BDDs) in power systems. However, ML models are also vulnerable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-07 Yexiang Chen , Subhash Lakshminarayana , H. Vincent Poor

The advent of smart power grid which plays a vital role in the upcoming smart city era is accompanied with the implementation of a monitoring tool, called state estimation. For the case of the unbalanced residential distribution grid, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nam N. Tran , Hemanshu R. Pota , Quang N. Tran , Jiankun Hu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel across various applications but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly Graph Injection Attacks (GIAs), which inject malicious nodes into the original graph and pose realistic threats.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Runlin Lei , Yuwei Hu , Yuchen Ren , Zhewei Wei

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become instrumental in diverse real-world applications, offering powerful graph learning capabilities for tasks such as social networks and medical data analysis. Despite their successes, GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Peizhi Niu , Chao Pan , Siheng Chen , Olgica Milenkovic