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Random effects are the gold standard for capturing structural heterogeneity in data, such as spatial dependencies, individual differences, or temporal dependencies. However, testing for their presence is challenging, as it involves a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Fabio Vieira , Hongwei Zhao , Joris Mulder

We propose a unified framework for global-local regularization that bridges the gap between classical techniques -- such as ridge regression and the nonnegative garotte -- and modern Bayesian hierarchical modeling. By estimating local…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-17 Jyotishka Datta , Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

Newton's gravitational constant is shown to be a running coupling constant, much like the familiar running gauge couplings of the Standard Model. This implies that, in models with appropriate particle content, the true Planck scale, i.e.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-17 David Reeb

Bayesian methods - either based on Bayes Factors or BIC - are now widely used for model selection. One property that might reasonably be demanded of any model selection method is that if a model ${M}_{1}$ is preferred to a model ${M}_{0}$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-08-20 Piotr Zwiernik , Jim Q. Smith

Bayesian methods estimate a measure of uncertainty by using the posterior distribution. One source of difficulty in these methods is the computation of the normalizing constant. Calculating exact posterior is generally intractable and we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Farzaneh Mahdisoltani

This paper introduces a novel Bayesian approach to detect changes in the variance of a Gaussian sequence model, focusing on quantifying the uncertainty in the change point locations and providing a scalable algorithm for inference. Such a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-04 Lorenzo Cappello , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla

The ratio of Bayesian evidences is a popular tool in cosmology to compare different models. There are however several issues with this method: Bayes' ratio depends on the prior even in the limit of non-informative priors, and Jeffrey's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-16 Luca Amendola , Vrund Patel , Ziad Sakr , Elena Sellentin , Kevin Wolz

A new watt balance is being constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units and the realization of mass through an exact value of the Planck…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-15 E. J. Leaman , D. Haddad , F. Seifert , L. S. Chao , A. Cao , J. R. Pratt , S. Schlamminger , D. B. Newell

Industrial applications frequently pose a notorious challenge for state-of-the-art methods in the contexts of optimization, designing experiments and modeling unknown physical response. This problem is aggravated by limited availability of…

The Hapke model has been widely used to describe the photometrical behavior of planetary surface through the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), but the uncertainties about retrieved parameters has been difficult to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Frederic Schmidt , Sebastien Bourguignon

Nested error regression models are useful tools for analysis of grouped data, especially in the case of small area estimation. This paper suggests a nested error regression model using uncertain random effects in which the random effect in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-28 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Tatsuya Kubokawa

Invariant prediction [Peters et al., 2016] analyzes feature/outcome data from multiple environments to identify invariant features - those with a stable predictive relationship to the outcome. Such features support generalization to new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-10 Luhuan Wu , Mingzhang Yin , Yixin Wang , John P. Cunningham , David M. Blei

In practical situations, most experimental designs often yield unbalanced data which have different numbers of observations per unit because of cost constraints, or missing data, etc. In this paper, we consider the Bayesian approach to…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-05-22 Min Wang , Xiaoqian Sun

We introduce a novel Bayesian approach for variable selection using Gaussian process regression, which is crucial for enhancing interpretability and model regularization. Our method employs nearest neighbor Gaussian processes, serving as…

Established idea-sets don't update seamlessly. The tension between new and old views of nature is e.g. documented in Galileo's dialogs and now present in many fields. However the science of Bayesian model-selection has made recent strides…

General Physics · Physics 2013-01-29 P. Fraundorf

In many data analyses, each measurement may come with a simple yes/no correction; for example, belonging to one of two populations or being contaminated or not. Ignoring such binary effects may bias the results, while accounting for them…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Marcus Högås , Edvard Mörtsell

Bayesian inference is a widely used technique for real-time characterization of quantum systems. It excels in experimental characterization in the low data regime, and when the measurements have degrees of freedom. A decisive factor for its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Alexandra Ramôa , Raffaele Santagati , Nathan Wiebe

This report introduces general ideas and some basic methods of the Bayesian probability theory applied to physics measurements. Our aim is to make the reader familiar, through examples rather than rigorous formalism, with concepts such as:…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 G. D'Agostini

In observational studies, the propensity score plays a central role in estimating causal effects of interest. The inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimator is commonly used for this purpose. However, if the propensity score model is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-21 Shunichiro Orihara , Tomotaka Momozaki , Tomoyuki Nakagawa

This work presents a framework to inversely quantify uncertainty in the model parameters of the friction model using earthquake data via the Bayesian inference. The forward model is the popular rate- and state- friction (RSF) model along…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Saumik Dana , Karthik Reddy Lyathakula