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Text simplification is the task of rewriting a text so that it is readable and easily understood. In this paper, we propose a simple yet novel unsupervised sentence simplification system that harnesses parsing structures together with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Vy Vo , Weiqing Wang , Wray Buntine

We propose a simple method to align multilingual contextual embeddings as a post-pretraining step for improved zero-shot cross-lingual transferability of the pretrained models. Using parallel data, our method aligns embeddings on the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Haode Qi , Abhishek Shah , Saloni Potdar , Mo Yu

This paper proposes a new model for extracting an interpretable sentence embedding by introducing self-attention. Instead of using a vector, we use a 2-D matrix to represent the embedding, with each row of the matrix attending on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Zhouhan Lin , Minwei Feng , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Mo Yu , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou , Yoshua Bengio

Pre-trained models are widely used in the tasks of natural language processing nowadays. However, in the specific field of text simplification, the research on improving pre-trained models is still blank. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

This paper introduces a sentence to vector encoding framework suitable for advanced natural language processing. Our latent representation is shown to encode sentences with common semantic information with similar vector representations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-30 Chi Zhang , Shagan Sah , Thang Nguyen , Dheeraj Peri , Alexander Loui , Carl Salvaggio , Raymond Ptucha

Since the amount of information on the internet is growing rapidly, it is not easy for a user to find relevant information for his/her query. To tackle this issue, much attention has been paid to Automatic Document Summarization. The key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Kamal Al-Sabahi , Zhang Zuping , Yang Kang

Natural Language Processing enables computers to understand human language by analysing and classifying text efficiently with deep-level grammatical and semantic features. Existing models capture features by learning from large corpora with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Azrin Sultana , Firoz Ahmed

The ability to learn from large unlabeled corpora has allowed neural language models to advance the frontier in natural language understanding. However, existing self-supervision techniques operate at the word form level, which serves as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Yoav Levine , Barak Lenz , Or Dagan , Ori Ram , Dan Padnos , Or Sharir , Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua , Yoav Shoham

Word embeddings have been shown to be useful across state-of-the-art systems in many natural language processing tasks, ranging from question answering systems to dependency parsing. (Herbelot and Vecchi, 2015) explored word embeddings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Franck Dernoncourt

While paragraph embedding models are remarkably effective for downstream classification tasks, what they learn and encode into a single vector remains opaque. In this paper, we investigate a state-of-the-art paragraph embedding method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Tu Vu , Mohit Iyyer

Text embedding models are designed for sentence-level applications like retrieval and semantic similarity, and are primarily evaluated on sentence-level benchmarks. Their behavior on isolated words is less understood. We show that simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Rajeev Ranjan

Pre-trained contextualized embedding models such as BERT are a standard building block in many natural language processing systems. We demonstrate that the sentence-level representations produced by some off-the-shelf contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Xiliang Zhu , David Rossouw , Shayna Gardiner , Simon Corston-Oliver

In most natural language inference problems, sentence representation is needed for semantic retrieval tasks. In recent years, pre-trained large language models have been quite effective for computing such representations. These models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Domagoj Ševerdija , Tomislav Prusina , Antonio Jovanović , Luka Borozan , Jurica Maltar , Domagoj Matijević

The standard BERT adopts subword-based tokenization, which may break a word into two or more wordpieces (e.g., converting "lossless" to "loss" and "less"). This will bring inconvenience in following situations: (1) what is the best way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Zhangyin Feng , Duyu Tang , Cong Zhou , Junwei Liao , Shuangzhi Wu , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Yunbo Cao , Shuming Shi

In most cases, word embeddings are learned only from raw tokens or in some cases, lemmas. This includes pre-trained language models like BERT. To investigate on the potential of capturing deeper relations between lexical items and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Juuso Eronen , Michal Ptaszynski , Fumito Masui

Massively multilingual sentence representation models, e.g., LASER, SBERT-distill, and LaBSE, help significantly improve cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the use of a large amount of data or inefficient model architectures results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhuoyuan Mao , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

This paper presents a new semi-supervised framework with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for text categorization. Unlike the previous approaches that rely on word embeddings, our method learns embeddings of small text regions from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-03 Rie Johnson , Tong Zhang

Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, with contrastive learning methods achieving strong performance using annotated datasets like NLI. Yet, the reliance on manual labels limits scalability. Recent studies leverage large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyang He , Chenglong Liu , Rui Li , Zhenya Huang , Shulan Ruan , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

We introduce a novel approach to incorporate syntax into natural language inference (NLI) models. Our method uses contextual token-level vector representations from a pretrained dependency parser. Like other contextual embedders, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Deric Pang , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

We explore deep clustering of text representations for unsupervised model interpretation and induction of syntax. As these representations are high-dimensional, out-of-the-box methods like KMeans do not work well. Thus, our approach jointly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Vikram Gupta , Haoyue Shi , Kevin Gimpel , Mrinmaya Sachan