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We analyze the convergence of the averaged stochastic gradient descent for overparameterized two-layer neural networks for regression problems. It was recently found that a neural tangent kernel (NTK) plays an important role in showing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-14 Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, its theoretical understanding of representation learning remains limited. Deep neural kernels provide a principled framework to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong-Ming Tian , Shuang Liang , Shao-Qun Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

Recently, neural tangent kernel (NTK) has been used to explain the dynamics of learning parameters of neural networks, at the large width limit. Quantitative analyses of NTK give rise to network widths that are often impractical and incur…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Nir Ailon , Supratim Shit

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) are a powerful tool for analyzing deep, non-linear neural networks. In the infinite-width limit, NTKs can easily be computed for most common architectures, yielding full analytic control over the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Guillen , Philipp Misof , Jan E. Gerken

We investigate the mathematical foundations of neural networks in the infinite-width regime through the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). We propose the NTK-Eigenvalue-Controlled Residual Network (NTK-ECRN), an architecture integrating Fourier…

A major factor in the success of deep neural networks is the use of sophisticated architectures rather than the classical multilayer perceptron (MLP). Residual networks (ResNets) stand out among these powerful modern architectures. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Tom Tirer , Joan Bruna , Raja Giryes

The performance of the data-dependent neural tangent kernel (NTK; Jacot et al. (2018)) associated with a trained deep neural network (DNN) often matches or exceeds that of the full network. This implies that DNN training via gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Johannes Schwab , Bryan Kelly , Semyon Malamud , Teng Andrea Xu

It has become standard to solve NLP tasks by fine-tuning pre-trained language models (LMs), especially in low-data settings. There is minimal theoretical understanding of empirical success, e.g., why fine-tuning a model with $10^8$ or more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Sadhika Malladi , Alexander Wettig , Dingli Yu , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora

Recently, quantum neural networks or quantum-classical neural networks (qcNN) have been actively studied, as a possible alternative to the conventional classical neural network (cNN), but their practical and theoretically-guaranteed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Kouhei Nakaji , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Naoki Yamamoto

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) framework has provided deep insights into the training dynamics of neural networks under gradient flow. However, it relies on the assumption that the network is differentiable with respect to its parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Sriram Nagaraj , Vishakh Hari

We study training one-hidden-layer ReLU networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime, where the networks' biases are initialized to some constant rather than zero. We prove that under such initialization, the neural network will have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hongru Yang , Ziyu Jiang , Ruizhe Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Zhangyang Wang

Despite their immense promise in performing a variety of learning tasks, a theoretical understanding of the limitations of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has so far eluded practitioners. This is partly due to the inability to determine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Saad Qadeer , Andrew Engel , Amanda Howard , Adam Tsou , Max Vargas , Panos Stinis , Tony Chiang

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory is widely used to study the dynamics of infinitely-wide deep neural networks (DNNs) under gradient descent. But do the results for infinitely-wide networks give us hints about the behavior of real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Motivated by both theory and practice, we study how random pruning of the weights affects a neural network's neural tangent kernel (NTK). In particular, this work establishes an equivalence of the NTKs between a fully-connected neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hongru Yang , Zhangyang Wang

A recent line of work has analyzed the theoretical properties of deep neural networks via the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). In particular, the smallest eigenvalue of the NTK has been related to the memorization capacity, the global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-23 Quynh Nguyen , Marco Mondelli , Guido Montufar

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) provide a theoretical regime to analyze the learning and generalization behavior of over-parametrized neural networks. For a supervised learning task, the association between the eigenvectors of the NTK kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shervin Khalafi , Saurabh Sihag , Alejandro Ribeiro

At initialization, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are equivalent to Gaussian processes in the infinite-width limit, thus connecting them to kernel methods. We prove that the evolution of an ANN during training can also be described by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Arthur Jacot , Franck Gabriel , Clément Hongler

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning on network structured data. Although empirically successful, GCNs exhibit certain behaviour that has no rigorous explanation -- for instance, the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Pascal Esser , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

Infinite width limit has shed light on generalization and optimization aspects of deep learning by establishing connections between neural networks and kernel methods. Despite their importance, the utility of these kernel methods was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Insu Han , Amir Zandieh , Jaehoon Lee , Roman Novak , Lechao Xiao , Amin Karbasi