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Phase III randomized clinical trials play a monumentally critical role in the evaluation of new medical products. Because of the intrinsic nature of uncertainty embedded in our capability in assessing the efficacy of a medical product,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-25 Changyu Shen , Xiaochun Li

Industrial experimental designs frequently lack optimal space-filling properties, rendering them unrepresentative. This study presents a comprehensive methodology to refine existing designs by enhancing coverage quality while optimizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Thomas Bartz-Beielstein , Eva Bartz , Alexander Hinterleitner , Christoph Leitenmeier , Ihab Abd El Hussein

Pooled testing is a common strategy for public health disease screening under limited testing resources, allowing multiple biological samples to be tested together with the resources of a single test, at the cost of reduced individual…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Nicholas Lopez , Francisco Marmolejo-Cossío , Jose Roberto Tello Ayala , David C. Parkes

In this paper some new properties and computational tools for finding KL-optimum designs are provided. KL-optimality is a general criterion useful to select the best experimental conditions to discriminate between statistical models. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-04 Giacomo Aletti , Caterina May , Chiara Tommasi

Randomized experiments (often known as "A/B tests") are widely used to evaluate product and service innovations. We study how to allocate limited experimentation resources across M concurrent experiments in an experiment-rich regime.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Fenghua Yang , Dae Woong Ham , Stefanus Jasin

Refining one's hypotheses in the light of data is a common scientific practice; however, the dependency on the data introduces selection bias and can lead to specious statistical analysis. An approach for addressing this is via conditioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jen Ning Lim , Makoto Yamada , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Yoshikazu Terada , Shigeyuki Matsui , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

We consider design issues for toxicology studies when we have a continuous response and the true mean response is only known to be a member of a class of nested models. This class of non-linear models was proposed by toxicologists who were…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-29 Holger Dette , Andrey Pepelyshev , Piter Shpilev , Weng Kee Wong

This paper provides a statistical method to test whether a system that performs a binary sequential hypothesis test is optimal in the sense of minimizing the average decision times while taking decisions with given reliabilities. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Meik Dörpinghaus , Izaak Neri , Édgar Roldán , Heinrich Meyr , Frank Jülicher

The FDA's Project Optimus initiative emphasizes patient-centered dose selection in oncology that balances efficacy and safety. We develop a framework for randomized dose optimization studies that uses clinically interpretable utility scores…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-24 Xuemin Gu , Cong Xu , Lei Xu , Ying Yu

In modern scientific research, small-scale studies with limited participants are increasingly common. However, interpreting individual outcomes can be challenging, making it standard practice to combine data across studies using random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Lucas Kania , Larry Wasserman , Sivaraman Balakrishnan

This paper deals exclusively with crossover designs for the purpose of comparing t test treatments with a control treatment when the number of periods is no larger than t+1. Among other results it specifies sufficient conditions for a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 A. S. Hedayat , Min Yang

With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Yun Li , Irina Bondarenko , Michael R. Elliott , Timothy P. Hofer , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

Probabilistic control design is founded on the principle that a rational agent attempts to match modelled with an arbitrary desired closed-loop system trajectory density. The framework was originally proposed as a tractable alternative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Tom Lefebvre

Improved procedures, in terms of smaller missed discovery rates (MDR), for performing multiple hypotheses testing with weak and strong control of the family-wise error rate (FWER) or the false discovery rate (FDR) are developed and studied.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-10 Edsel A. Peña , Joshua D. Habiger , Wensong Wu

We consider the problem of designing optimal level-$\alpha$ power-one tests for composite nulls. Given a parameter $\alpha \in (0,1)$ and a stream of $\mathcal{X}$-valued observations $\{X_n: n \geq 1\} \overset{i.i.d.}{\sim} P$, the goal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Shubhanshu Shekhar

Clinical trials are typically run in order to understand the effects of a new treatment on a given population of patients. However, patients in large populations rarely respond the same way to the same treatment. This heterogeneity in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-12 Alihan Hüyük , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

We propose to use Bayesian optimization (BO) to improve the efficiency of the design selection process in clinical trials. BO is a method to optimize expensive black-box functions, by using a regression as a surrogate to guide the search.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-20 Jakob Richter , Tim Friede , Jörg Rahnenführer

We investigate the problem of jointly testing multiple hypotheses and estimating a random parameter of the underlying distribution in a sequential setup. The aim is to jointly infer the true hypothesis and the true parameter while using on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Dominik Reinhard , Michael Fauß , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

The choice of sample size in the context of co-primary endpoints for a randomised trial is discussed. Current guidance can leave endpoints with unequal marginal power. A method is provided to achieve equal marginal power by using the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Simon Bond

Sequential multi-class diagnosis, also known as multi-hypothesis testing, is a classical sequential decision problem with broad applications. However, the optimal solution remains, in general, unknown as the dynamic program suffers from the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jue Wang