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Ferroelectric materials contain a switchable spontaneous polarization that persists even in the absence of an external electric field. The coexistence of ferroelectricity and metallicity in a material appears to be illusive, since…

The lack of available table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with high enough fluxes and coherence properties have limited the availability of nonlinear XUV and x-ray spectroscopies to free electron lasers (FEL). Here, we demonstrate…

Understanding the mechanisms and spatial correlations of crystallographic symmetry breaking in ferroelectric materials is essential to tuning their functional properties. While optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has long been utilized…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-10 Wei Li , Yunpeng Ma , Tianyi Feng , Sergei V. Kalinin , Jing-Feng Li , Qian Li

We present a versatile confocal microscopy setup for optical second harmonic generation (SHG) and multi-photon spectroscopy that enables polarization-resolved studies of semiconductor bulk crystals and low-dimensional structures. The system…

Second harmonic generation (SHG), as one of the most significant \c{hi}(2) nonlinear optical processes, plays crucial roles in a broad variety of optical and photonic applications. Designing various delicate schemes to achieve highly…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-01 Lei Wang , XiuQuan Zhang , Feng Chen

We report the observation of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in single-layer indium selenide (InSe). We measure a second harmonic signal of $>10^3$ $\textrm{cts/s}$ under nonresonant excitation using a home-built confocal…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical response arising exclusively from broken inversion symmetry in the electric-dipole limit. Recently, SHG has attracted widespread interest as a versatile and noninvasive tool for…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a coherent nonlinear phenomenon that plays an important role in laser color conversion. Lithium niobate (LN), which features both a large band gap and outstanding second-order nonlinearities, acts as an…

This research will examine the computational methods to calculate the nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG) that will be hypothesized to be present during lithium ion insertion into silicon nanowires. First it will…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-19 Donald C. Boone

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in isolated atoms and molecules has been widely utilized in extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photonics and attosecond pulse metrology. Recently, HHG has also been observed in solids, which could lead to…

Circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is highly interesting for investigation of chirality-sensitive light-matter interactions. Recent breakthroughs have enabled generation of such light sources via high harmonic…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-19 Zi-Yu Chen , Rui Qin

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and nonlinear optical measurements, especially second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG/THG) are comprehensively investigated for the van der Waals layered material AgScP2S6 with a non-centrosymmetric P31c…

Femtosecond time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements were performed at room temperature on a single crystal of LuFe2O4, which has recently attracted attention as an electronic ferroelectric material in which polarization…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-13 H. Yu , Y. Fukada , G. Nishida , K. Takubo , T. Ishikawa , S. Koshihara , N. Ikeda , Y. Okimoto

Optical second harmonic generation is a second-order nonlinear process that combines two photons of a given frequency into a third photon at twice the frequency. Due to the symmetry constraints, it is widely used as a sensitive probe to…

Optical spectroscopy based on second-order nonlinearity is a critical technique for characterizing two-dimensional (2D) crystals as well as bioimaging and quantum optics. It is generally believed that second-harmonic generation (SHG) in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Haoning Tang , Zhitong Ding , Tianyi Ruan , Zeyu Hao , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Haozhe Wang , Ali Javey , Feng Wang , Yuan Cao

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patrick Johansen Sarsfield , Takaaki V. Joya , Takuto Kawakami , Mikito Koshino , Vladimir Fal'ko

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

Since the first observation of second harmonic generation (SHG), there have been extensive studies on this nonlinear phenomenon not only to clarify its physical origin but also to realize unconventional functionalities. Nonetheless, a…

The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, such as the photogalvanic effect and second-order harmonic generation (SHG), play crucial roles in probing and controlling light-matter interactions for energy and device applications. To…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-05 Ruixiang Fei , Wenshen Song , Li Yang

Interferometry is a fundamental technique in physics, enabling precise measurements through the interference of waves. High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has emerged as a powerful method for probing ultrafast electronic dynamics…

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