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Automatic speech quality assessment has become increasingly important as modern speech generation systems continue to advance, while human listening tests remain costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. Most existing learning-based…

Estimating quality of transmitted speech is known to be a non-trivial task. While traditionally, test participants are asked to rate the quality of samples; nowadays, automated methods are available. These methods can be divided into: 1)…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-14 H. Tilkorn , G. Mittag , S. Möller

We introduce a new unsupervised task, spoken language modeling: the learning of linguistic representations from raw audio signals without any labels, along with the Zero Resource Speech Benchmark 2021: a suite of 4 black-box, zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Tu Anh Nguyen , Maureen de Seyssel , Patricia Rozé , Morgane Rivière , Evgeny Kharitonov , Alexei Baevski , Ewan Dunbar , Emmanuel Dupoux

Handling implicit language is essential for natural language processing systems to achieve precise text understanding and facilitate natural interactions with users. Despite its importance, the absence of a metric for accurately measuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuxin Wang , Xiaomeng Zhu , Weimin Lyu , Saeed Hassanpour , Soroush Vosoughi

Training of speech enhancement systems often does not incorporate knowledge of human perception and thus can lead to unnatural sounding results. Incorporating psychoacoustically motivated speech perception metrics as part of model training…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-16 George Close , Thomas Hain , Stefan Goetze

Background noise is a major source of quality impairments in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) calls. Recent work shows the efficacy of deep learning for noise suppression, but the datasets…

Existing studies on self-supervised speech representation learning have focused on developing new training methods and applying pre-trained models for different applications. However, the quality of these models is often measured by the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-18 Alexander H. Liu , Sung-Lin Yeh , James Glass

This paper introduces NoRefER, a novel referenceless quality metric for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Traditional reference-based metrics for evaluating ASR systems require costly ground-truth transcripts. NoRefER overcomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Golara Javadi , Mohamed El-Badrashiny , Ahmet Gunduz

The common standard for quality evaluation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is reference-based metrics such as the Word Error Rate (WER), computed using manual ground-truth transcriptions that are time-consuming and expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Ahmet Gunduz , Mohamed Al-Badrashiny , Golara Javadi

Subjective listening tests remain the golden standard for speech quality assessment, but are costly, variable, and difficult to scale. In contrast, existing objective metrics, such as PESQ, F0 correlation, and DNSMOS, typically capture only…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiatong Shi , Hye-Jin Shim , Shinji Watanabe

The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) serves as the standard metric for speech quality assessment, yet biases in human annotations remain underexplored. We conduct the first systematic analysis of gender bias in MOS, revealing that male listeners…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Wenze Ren , Yi-Cheng Lin , Wen-Chin Huang , Erica Cooper , Ryandhimas E. Zezario , Hsin-Min Wang , Hung-yi Lee , Yu Tsao

Efficient audio quality assessment is vital for streamlining audio codec development. Objective assessment tools have been developed over time to algorithmically predict quality ratings from subjective assessments, the gold standard for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Pablo M. Delgado , Jürgen Herre

Wideband codecs such as AMR-WB or EVS are widely used in (mobile) speech communication. Evaluation of coded speech quality is often performed subjectively by an absolute category rating (ACR) listening test. However, the ACR test is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Ziyi Xu , Ziyue Zhao , Tim Fingscheidt

The estimation of speech intelligibility is still far from being a solved problem. Especially one aspect is problematic: most of the standard models require a clean reference signal in order to estimate intelligibility. This is an issue of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Mahdie Karbasi , Stefan Bleeck , Dorothea Kolossa

In this paper, we propose a multi-label classification framework to detect multiple speaking styles in a speech sample. Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on identifying a single target style, our framework effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Miseul Kim , Seyun Um , Hyeonjin Cha , Hong-goo Kang

The mean opinion score (MOS) is a standard metric for assessing speech quality, but its singular focus fails to identify specific distortions when low scores are observed. The NISQA dataset addresses this limitation by providing ratings…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Fredrik Cumlin , Xinyu Liang , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schüldt , Saikat Chatterjee

Data quality is a key element for building and optimizing good learning models. Despite many attempts to characterize data quality, there is still a need for rigorous formalization and an efficient measure of the quality from available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jouseau Roxane , Salva Sébastien , Samir Chafik

Non-reference speech quality models are important for a growing number of applications. The VoiceMOS 2022 challenge provided a dataset of synthetic voice conversion and text-to-speech samples with subjective labels. This study looks at the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Michael Chinen , Jan Skoglund , Chandan K A Reddy , Alessandro Ragano , Andrew Hines

Measuring quality and intelligibility of a speech signal is usually a critical step in development of speech processing systems. To enable this, a variety of metrics to measure quality and intelligibility under different assumptions have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Anurag Kumar , Ke Tan , Zhaoheng Ni , Pranay Manocha , Xiaohui Zhang , Ethan Henderson , Buye Xu

Research in modeling subjective metrics for quality assessment has led to the development of no-reference speech models that directly operate on utterance waveforms to predict the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). These models often rely on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Imran E Kibria , Donald S. Williamson