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This paper establishes the equivalence between cognitive medium access and the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. First, the scenario in which a single cognitive user wishes to opportunistically exploit the availability of empty…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-10-09 Lifeng Lai , Hesham El Gamal , Hai Jiang , H. Vincent Poor

We propose Preferential MoE, a novel human-ML mixture-of-experts model that augments human expertise in decision making with a data-based classifier only when necessary for predictive performance. Our model exhibits an interpretable gating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Melanie F. Pradier , Javier Zazo , Sonali Parbhoo , Roy H. Perlis , Maurizio Zazzi , Finale Doshi-Velez

While in general trading off exploration and exploitation in reinforcement learning is hard, under some formulations relatively simple solutions exist. In this paper, we first derive upper bounds for the utility of selecting different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Christos Dimitrakakis

Real-world contextual bandit problems with complex reward models are often tackled with iteratively trained models, such as boosting trees. However, it is difficult to directly apply simple and effective exploration strategies--such as…

Despite the close connection between exploration and sample efficiency, most state of the art reinforcement learning algorithms include no considerations for exploration beyond maximizing the entropy of the policy. In this work we address…

We address the problem of multi-group mean estimation, which seeks to allocate a finite sampling budget across multiple groups to obtain uniformly accurate estimates of their means. Unlike classical multi-armed bandits, whose objective is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ziyi Wei , Huaiyang Zhong , Xiaocheng Li

We present a provably optimal differentially private algorithm for the stochastic multi-arm bandit problem, as opposed to the private analogue of the UCB-algorithm [Mishra and Thakurta, 2015; Tossou and Dimitrakakis, 2016] which doesn't…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-24 Touqir Sajed , Or Sheffet

We study the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in the presence of side-observations across actions that occur as a result of an underlying network structure. In our model, a bipartite graph captures the relationship between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Swapna Buccapatnam , Fang Liu , Atilla Eryilmaz , Ness B. Shroff

We study a variant of the contextual bandit problem where an agent can intervene through a set of stochastic expert policies. Given a fixed context, each expert samples actions from a fixed conditional distribution. The agent seeks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Nihal Sharma , Rajat Sen , Soumya Basu , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sanjay Shakkottai

We study the problem of stochastic combinatorial pure exploration (CPE), where an agent sequentially pulls a set of single arms (a.k.a. a super arm) and tries to find the best super arm. Among a variety of problem settings of the CPE, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yuko Kuroki , Liyuan Xu , Atsushi Miyauchi , Junya Honda , Masashi Sugiyama

Pure exploration in multi-armed bandits has emerged as an important framework for modeling decision-making and search under uncertainty. In modern applications, however, one is often faced with a tremendously large number of options. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Parth K. Thaker , Mohit Malu , Nikhil Rao , Gautam Dasarathy

Information-based Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance in optimizing a black-box objective function. However, they usually require several approximations or simplifying assumptions (without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Quoc Phong Nguyen , Zhaoxuan Wu , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

Estimating accurate and well-calibrated predictive uncertainty is important for enhancing the reliability of computer vision models, especially in safety-critical applications like traffic scene perception. While ensemble methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Svetlana Pavlitska , Beyza Keskin , Alwin Faßbender , Christian Hubschneider , J. Marius Zöllner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enhance the efficiency of large language models by activating only a subset of experts per token. However, standard MoE employs a fixed Top-K routing strategy, leading to redundant computation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Juntong Wu , Jialiang Cheng , Qishen Yin , Yue Dai , Yuliang Yan , Fuyu Lv , Ou Dan , Li Yuan

Efficient selection among multiple generative models is increasingly important in modern generative AI, where sampling from suboptimal models is costly. This problem can be formulated as a multi-armed bandit task. Under diversity-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bahar Dibaei Nia , Farzan Farnia

We formulate a multi-armed bandit (MAB) approach to choosing expert policies online in Markov decision processes (MDPs). Given a set of expert policies trained on a state and action space, the goal is to maximize the cumulative reward of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Eric Mazumdar , Roy Dong , Vicenç Rúbies Royo , Claire Tomlin , S. Shankar Sastry

We consider a multi-armed bandit problem specified by a set of Gaussian or Bernoulli distributions endowed with a unimodal structure. Although this problem has been addressed in the literature (Combes and Proutiere, 2014), the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Hassan Saber , Pierre Ménard , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard

Stochastic linear bandits are a natural and simple generalisation of finite-armed bandits with numerous practical applications. Current approaches focus on generalising existing techniques for finite-armed bandits, notably the optimism…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-17 Tor Lattimore , Csaba Szepesvari

We study the Bandit Clustering (BC) problem under the fixed confidence setting, where the objective is to group a collection of data sequences (arms) into clusters through sequential sampling from adaptively selected arms at each time step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 G Dhinesh Chandran , Kota Srinivas Reddy , Srikrishna Bhashyam

At the boundary between the known and the unknown, an agent inevitably confronts the dilemma of whether to explore or to exploit. Epistemic uncertainty reflects such boundaries, representing systematic uncertainty due to limited knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jianfei Ma , Wee Sun Lee