Related papers: Negative temperature: further extensions
We study the relativistic electron-positron field at positive temperature in the Hartree-Fock-approximation. We consider both the case with and without exchange term, and investigate the existence and properties of minimizers. Our approach…
A simple procedure for obtaining superpositions of macroscopically distinct states is proposed and analyzed. We find that a thermal equilibrium state can be converted into such a state when a single global measurement of a macroscopic…
When coupling thermal baths at different temperatures, negative differential thermal conductivity is typically attributed to nonlinear interactions in the connecting medium. In this work, we demonstrate that such an effect can arise purely…
We calculate the dissipative dc conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system in a magnetic field for the situation when its effective temperature exceeds the temperature of the acoustic phonon system. We demonstrate that at…
We study the internal dynamics of an elementary quantum system placed close to a body held at a temperature different from that of the surrounding radiation. We derive general expressions for lifetime and density matrix valid for bodies of…
It has been claimed that the observed magnitude of the vacuum energy density is consistent with the distribution predicted in anthropic models, in which an ensemble of universes is assumed. This calculation is revisited, without making the…
The validity of the Second Law of thermodynamics, indisputable in the macroscopic world, is challenged at the mesoscopic level: a mesoscopic isolated system, possessing spatial dimensions of the order of a few microns, is capable, as shown…
A system of interacting atoms is represented as an union of two subsystems, one of which is the system of atoms, and the other is an auxiliary scalar covariant field, which is equivalent to a given static interatomic potential of general…
It has been proved in the context of quantum fields in Minkowski spacetime that the vacuum state is a thermal state according to uniformly accelerated observers -- a seminal result known as the Unruh effect. Recent claims, however, have…
To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we introduce a new thermodynamic parameter - the lifetime of a system. The statistical distributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description characterizing the behaviour of a…
An adiabatic transition between two equilibrium states corresponding to different stiffnesses in an infinite chain of particles is studied. Initially, the chain particles have random displacements and random velocities corresponding to a…
Motivated by traversable wormhole constructions that require large amounts of negative energy, we explore constraints on the amount of negative energy that can be carried by a free Dirac field in a slab-shaped region between two parallel…
In systems with detailed balance, the stationary distribution and the equilibrium distribution are identical, creating a clear connection between energetic and entropic quantities. Many driven systems violate detailed balance and still pose…
It is sometimes argued that the unattainability of zero temperature is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Historically, the independence of the unattainability of zero temperature from the second law was proven more than 80…
We introduce a new theoretical approach to dissipative quantum systems. By means of a continuous sequence of infinitesimal unitary transformations, we decouple the small quantum system that one is interested in from its thermodynamically…
The second Tisza-Callen postulate of equilibrium thermodynamics states that for any system exists a function of the system's extensive parameters, called entropy, defined for all equilibrium states and having the property that the values…
We investigate universal behavior of isolated many-body systems far from equilibrium, which is relevant for a wide range of applications from ultracold quantum gases to high-energy particle physics. The universality is based on the…
The evolution of a driven quantum system is said to be adiabatic whenever the state of the system stays close to an instantaneous eigenstate of its time-dependent Hamiltonian. The celebrated quantum adiabatic theorem ensures that such pure…
In this paper we develop a generalized formalism for equilibrium thermodynamic systems when an information is shared between the system and the reservoir. The information results in a correction to the entropy of the system. This extension…
The deterministic and time-reversal symmetric dynamics of isolated quantum systems is at odds with irreversible equilibration observed in generic thermodynamic systems. Standard approaches at a reconciliation employ subjective restrictions…