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In this study, we investigate the scalability of state-of-the-art user profiling technologies across different online domains. More specifically, this work aims to understand the reliability and limitations of current computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Claudia Peersman , Matthew Edwards , Emma Williams , Awais Rashid

In our current society, the inter-connectivity of devices provides easy access for netizens to utilize cyberspace technology for illegal activities. The deep web platform is a consummative ecosystem shielded by boundaries of trust,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Victor Adewopo , Bilal Gonen , Nelly Elsayed , Murat Ozer , Zaghloul Saad Elsayed

Illegal marketplaces have increasingly shifted to concealed parts of the internet, including the deep and dark web, as well as platforms such as Telegram, Reddit, and Pastebin. These channels enable the anonymous trade of illicit goods…

There is an ever growing number of users with accounts on multiple social media and networking sites. Consequently, there is increasing interest in matching user accounts and profiles across different social networks in order to create…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Soroush Vosoughi , Helen Zhou , Deb Roy

Extremist groups develop complex in-group language, also referred to as cryptolects, to exclude or mislead outsiders. We investigate the ability of current language technologies to detect and interpret the cryptolects of two online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Christine de Kock , Arij Riabi , Zeerak Talat , Michael Sejr Schlichtkrull , Pranava Madhyastha , Ed Hovy

Tor is among most well-known dark net in the world. It has noble uses, including as a platform for free speech and information dissemination under the guise of true anonymity, but may be culturally better known as a conduit for criminal…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Mahdieh Zabihimayvan , Reza Sadeghi , Derek Doran , Mehdi Allahyari

Dark markets are commercial websites that use Bitcoin to sell or broker transactions involving drugs, weapons, and other illicit goods. Being illegal, they do not offer any user protection, and several police raids and scams have caused…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Abeer ElBahrawy , Laura Alessandretti , Leonid Rusnac , Daniel Goldsmith , Alexander Teytelboym , Andrea Baronchelli

Being a volunteer-run, distributed anonymity network, Tor is vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Little is known about real-world Sybils in the Tor network, and we lack practical tools and methods to expose Sybil attacks. In this work, we develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Philipp Winter , Roya Ensafi , Karsten Loesing , Nick Feamster

Humans make decisions based on the information they obtain from several major sources, among which the comments of others in Internet forums play an increasing role. Such forums cover a wide spectrum of topics and represent an essential…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-24 Maryam Zamani , Fereshteh Rabbani , Attila Horicsányi , Anna Zafeiris , Tamas Vicsek

Privacy protection mechanisms are a fundamental aspect of security in cryptocurrency systems, particularly in decentralized networks such as Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin addresses are not directly associated with real-world identities, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Shihan Zhang , Bing Han , Chuanyong Tian , Ruisheng Shi , Lina Lan , Qin Wang

This research investigated how online criminal activities can be better understood and connected using data-driven machine learning methods. Many illegal activities, such as human trafficking and illicit trade, have moved to online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Vageesh Kumar Saxena

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Underground forums play a crucial role in the criminal ecosystem, facilitating the exchange of knowledge and the trade of illegal tools and services. By analyzing the skills, motivations, focus, and operations of cyber-criminals active in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mariella Mischinger , Vahid Ghafouri , Sergio Pastrana , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

The deep and darkweb (d2web) refers to limited access web sites that require registration, authentication, or more complex encryption protocols to access them. These web sites serve as hubs for a variety of illicit activities: to trade…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Nazgol Tavabi , Nathan Bartley , Andrés Abeliuk , Sandeep Soni , Emilio Ferrara , Kristina Lerman

Darknet marketplaces, accessible through, Tor are where users can buy illicit goods, and learn to hide from law enforcement. We surveyed the advice on these markets and found valid security advice mixed up with paranoid threat models and a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Andrew C. Dwyer , Joseph Hallett , Claudia Peersman , Matthew Edwards , Brittany I. Davidson , Awais Rashid

In the last decade, Online Social Networks (OSNs) have taken the world by storm. They range from superficial to professional, from focused to general-purpose, and, from free-form to highly structured. Numerous people have multiple accounts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Mishari Almishari , Ekin Oguz , Gene Tsudik

The primary objective of an anonymity tool is to protect the anonymity of its users through the implementation of strong encryption and obfuscation techniques. As a result, it becomes very difficult to monitor and identify users activities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Javeriah Saleem , Rafiqul Islam , Zahidul Islam

The DarkWeb represents a hotbed for illicit activity, where users communicate on different market forums in order to exchange goods and services. Law enforcement agencies benefit from forensic tools that perform authorship analysis, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Andrei Manolache , Florin Brad , Antonio Barbalau , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Marius Popescu

The availability of sophisticated technologies and methods of perpetrating criminogenic activities in the cyberspace is a pertinent societal problem. Darknet is an encrypted network technology that uses the internet infrastructure and can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Victor Adewopo , Bilal Gonen , Said Varlioglu , Murat Ozer

In this study, we more rigorously evaluated our attack script $\textit{TraceTarnish}$, which leverages adversarial stylometry principles to anonymize the authorship of text-based messages. To ensure the efficacy and utility of our attack,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Robert Dilworth
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